- Refurbishment and renovation of residential and commercial buildings (e.g. passive house standard including reduction in overall energy demand). This could lead to displacement of new construction.

Saving: 2.15 Gt emissions and 5.28 Gt material use 

The framework consists of 21 complementary interventions, across six scenarios - one for each of the six societal needs we model. These interventions can mitigate climate impact by curbing GHG emissions

Note: interventions are currently focused on:
- 🏠 Housing 
- 🍎 Nutrition
- 🚗 Mobility
- 👚📺 Consumables
- 👩‍⚕️👨‍⚕️ Healthcare
-  🔊 Communication

These 21 interventions are spread across six societal needs and wants, with a set of solutions. Within these solutions are strategies on ’how to get there'.  

The framework moves beyond incremental action and provides solutions that will require behavioral change (dietary shifts towards less meat consumption, for example) and the adoption of state-of-the-art technologies in the industry to mitigate emissions in hard-to-abate sectors (such as steel manufacturing). It illustrates how continued globalisation can benefit from the uptake of digital solutions. The combined interventions showcase the mitigation potential that begins where the current country pledges end; illustrating the additional impact our interventions can bring to the NDCs. In short, the interventions provide input for a more profound fundamental transformation than the more current pathways that make up the vast majority of NDCs. 

Together, the combined interventions can almost double the current global Circularity Metric of 8.6%, bringing it to 17%. 

This results in:
• Shrinking global material use and extraction by 28%. 
• Cutting global GHG emissions by 39%—fully closing the Emissions Gap as defined in our report and taking into account the updated NDCs.
• Allowing the world to achieve the Paris Agreement’s goal of keeping at 1.5-degrees of warming by 2032.

*This framework was developed in the Circularity Gap Report 2021. Read more about it [here](https://www.circle-economy.com/resources/circularity-gap-report-2021)*






Global Circularity Gap Report

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An intervention-based framework for nations and stakeholders working towards circular countries

🏠 Increase housing durability

- Lightweighting, frugal design and lifetime extension of bearing elements
- Reduction in construction losses
- Local construction materials
- Energy-efficient appliances and use
- Lower room temperature and smart metering

Saving: 3.45 Gt emissions and 4.05 Gt material use 
 

🏠 Resource efficient construction

- Green roofs
- Passive houses
- Produce own renewable energy

Saving: 6.47 Gt emissions and 3.07 Gt material use 

🏠 Natural housing solutions

- Less living space
- Reduce the need for real estate activities by increasing occupancy of residential (Co-housing) and non-residential buildings (Multi-functional space)
- Limit residential stock expansion

Saving: 3.16 Gt emissions and 8.38 Gt material use 


🏠 Reducing floor space

- Construction materials with recycled content
- Diversion of construction and demolition waste

Saving: 1.14 Gt emissions and 3.55 Gt material use 

🏠 Circular construction materials

- Hang-drying clothing
- Hot water saving
- Smart metering
- Better thermal insulation
- Lower room temperature

Saving: 1.96 Gt emissions and 0.79 material use

🏠 Resource efficient housing

The need that represents the largest resource footprint, with 42.4 billion tonnes, is for construction and maintenance of houses, offices, roads and other infrastructure, especially in the developing world.