{"pageProps":{"framework":{"id":135,"name":"Circular City Actions Framework","description":"The Circular City Actions Framework provides urban changemakers with five complementary strategies they can use to start working towards a more circular system. \n\nThe framework is action-based to provide users with concrete strategic directions and showcase the desired outcomes of each strategy. \nThe framework consists of five complementary **strategies**, under which **sub-strategies** provide further detail. Finally, each sub-strategy consists of a diversity of tangible **solutions** which are framed in relation to key thematic areas. \n\nNote: solutions are currently focused on:\n- šŸ **Food systems**\n- šŸ¢  **Built environment**\n- šŸ‘•šŸ“±  **Consumer goods**\n- āš” **Energy Systems**\n- šŸšŒ **Mobility Systems**\n- šŸ’§ **Water Systems**\n\nMore thematic areas are coming soon...\n\n'Click through each of the five strategy cards below to explore the framework and circular economy case studies in more depth!'\n\n\n\nThis framework was developed in collaboration with ICLEI, Metabolic and Ellen MacArthur Foundation with support from the MAVA Foundation. Read more about it [here]( https://circulars.iclei.org/action-framework/). \n\n","article":null,"created_at":"2021-03-25T11:20:37.276Z","updated_at":"2022-02-21T15:24:05.349Z","is_visible":true,"type":null,"mandatory":null,"properties":null,"show_on_landing":true,"use_without_collection":false,"short_description":"An action-based framework for local governments working towards circular cities","picture_alt":null,"picture":{"id":3181,"name":"Circular-City-Actions-Framework-infographic-scaled_gray background.jpeg","hash":"Circular_City_Actions_Framework_infographic_scaled_gray_background_0dd948b02a","sha256":null,"ext":".jpeg","mime":"image/jpeg","size":203.18,"url":"https://goldilocks-images.s3.eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/Circular_City_Actions_Framework_infographic_scaled_gray_background_0dd948b02a.jpeg","provider":"aws-s3","provider_metadata":null,"created_at":"2021-10-05T12:20:01.230Z","updated_at":"2021-10-05T12:20:01.247Z","alternativeText":"","caption":"","width":2560,"height":2560,"formats":{"large":{"ext":".jpeg","url":"https://goldilocks-images.s3.eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/large_Circular_City_Actions_Framework_infographic_scaled_gray_background_0dd948b02a.jpeg","hash":"large_Circular_City_Actions_Framework_infographic_scaled_gray_background_0dd948b02a","mime":"image/jpeg","name":"large_Circular-City-Actions-Framework-infographic-scaled_gray background.jpeg","path":null,"size":59.31,"width":1000,"height":1000},"small":{"ext":".jpeg","url":"https://goldilocks-images.s3.eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/small_Circular_City_Actions_Framework_infographic_scaled_gray_background_0dd948b02a.jpeg","hash":"small_Circular_City_Actions_Framework_infographic_scaled_gray_background_0dd948b02a","mime":"image/jpeg","name":"small_Circular-City-Actions-Framework-infographic-scaled_gray background.jpeg","path":null,"size":23.53,"width":500,"height":500},"medium":{"ext":".jpeg","url":"https://goldilocks-images.s3.eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/medium_Circular_City_Actions_Framework_infographic_scaled_gray_background_0dd948b02a.jpeg","hash":"medium_Circular_City_Actions_Framework_infographic_scaled_gray_background_0dd948b02a","mime":"image/jpeg","name":"medium_Circular-City-Actions-Framework-infographic-scaled_gray background.jpeg","path":null,"size":40.7,"width":750,"height":750},"thumbnail":{"ext":".jpeg","url":"https://goldilocks-images.s3.eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/thumbnail_Circular_City_Actions_Framework_infographic_scaled_gray_background_0dd948b02a.jpeg","hash":"thumbnail_Circular_City_Actions_Framework_infographic_scaled_gray_background_0dd948b02a","mime":"image/jpeg","name":"thumbnail_Circular-City-Actions-Framework-infographic-scaled_gray background.jpeg","path":null,"size":4.25,"width":156,"height":156}},"previewUrl":null},"framework_elements":[{"id":1291,"name":"šŸ¢šŸ’§āš” Nature-based solutions for the urban built environment","description":"At the same time that global biodiversity loss has accelerated, humanity has become an urbanised species. And the trend towards urban living is set to continue: 80% of the worldā€™s population will live in cities by 2050ā€”by then, the equivalent to 9 billion people. Urban development has often progressed without regard to the ecosystems of which they are a part. Now the mass of human-made things, from pavements to apartments to phones, outweighs all natural biomass, such as our oceans, trees and animals.\n\nBuilding with, as opposed to over, nature has long been perceived as more of a burden than an opportunity, but this is rapidly changing. Examples of Nature-Based Solutions (NBS) in cities span from simple conceptsā€”permeable pavements to reduce flood risks or green roofs to improve biodiversity and energy efficiencyā€”to practical actions, such a city manager installing trees and grass along steep slopes to prevent landslides, or an urban planner protecting or restoring a nearby forest or wetland that is crucial to the cityā€™s water supply and quality. NBS can also be seen as an effective element to prevent the heat island effect and consequently reducing energy demand. NBS that follow the circularity concept, for example by recycling nutrients, are enablers of the circular transition and can be used as tools to build new resilient, circular urban ecosystems. Conversely, the circular economy creates favourable conditions to attract more investments for NBS scaling up. \n\nCities can promote these solutions by developing heat-deflecting green infrastructure on buildings and in public spaces, prioritising their development on top of existing or new grey infrastructure, such as a park on top of a parking garage, or an urban garden on top of a school. Cities can also subsidise projects and technologies at both a commercial and household level, including nature-based solutions in their climate and energy plans, as well as increasing awareness of the issue and the available solutions.\n\n","properties":{"cost":"low","emissions":"medium"},"framework":135,"article":null,"parent":511,"created_at":"2022-07-26T11:35:28.468Z","updated_at":"2022-08-09T14:58:15.240Z","order":null,"icon_alt":"Photo by CHUTTERSNAP on Unsplash","summary":null,"icon":{"id":12394,"name":"photo-1535689077097-a8726b5ff822.avif","hash":"photo_1535689077097_a8726b5ff822_a2787a75fb","sha256":null,"ext":".avif","mime":"image/avif","size":193.11,"url":"https://goldilocks-images.s3.eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/photo_1535689077097_a8726b5ff822_a2787a75fb.avif","provider":"aws-s3","provider_metadata":null,"created_at":"2022-07-26T11:33:41.749Z","updated_at":"2022-07-26T11:33:41.774Z","alternativeText":"","caption":"","width":869,"height":580,"formats":null,"previewUrl":null}},{"id":663,"name":"šŸ¢āš”  Self-sufficient neighbourhoods ","description":"Cities are responsible for 60% of global resource consumption, and with increasing urbanisations, there are growing concerns about forthcoming shortages (water, food, energy). Urban sprawl is costly, damages the environment and affects quality of life. Making cities sustainable will need rethinking of every element of urban living, including the neighbourhood-scale. \n\nSelf-sufficient and socially inclusive neighbourhoods are centralised, self-contained communities, organised in a way that minimises dependency on inputs from outside the system and maximises interaction between its inhabitants. They often produce their own energy and treat their own wastewater, improving security and efficiency of materials, while offering new livelihood opportunities and local value creation.\n\nLocal governments can adopt more sustainable and efficient practices in constructing these areas. Through direct and indirect economic incentives, they can push the true costs of infrastructure onto developers and create a favourable real estate climate that helps with empty land in inner-city neighbourhoods. Then, cities can implement circular land planning through urban renewal projects. Building more self-sufficient and circular neighbourhoods will require, however, multi-stakeholder collaborations between municipalities, land developers, construction and waste industries and building owners.","properties":{"cost":"high","emissions":"high"},"framework":135,"article":null,"parent":506,"created_at":"2021-10-29T14:53:02.935Z","updated_at":"2022-05-19T08:36:14.762Z","order":null,"icon_alt":"Photo by Jeremy Bezanger on Unsplash","summary":null,"icon":{"id":3514,"name":"jeremy-bezanger-k8HniqcdYS4-unsplash.jpg","hash":"jeremy_bezanger_k8_Hniqcd_YS_4_unsplash_3ce8640f52","sha256":null,"ext":".jpg","mime":"image/jpeg","size":4424.2,"url":"https://goldilocks-images.s3.eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/jeremy_bezanger_k8_Hniqcd_YS_4_unsplash_3ce8640f52.jpg","provider":"aws-s3","provider_metadata":null,"created_at":"2021-10-29T14:52:30.538Z","updated_at":"2021-10-29T14:52:30.587Z","alternativeText":"","caption":"","width":5719,"height":3813,"formats":{"large":{"ext":".jpg","url":"https://goldilocks-images.s3.eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/large_jeremy_bezanger_k8_Hniqcd_YS_4_unsplash_3ce8640f52.jpg","hash":"large_jeremy_bezanger_k8_Hniqcd_YS_4_unsplash_3ce8640f52","mime":"image/jpeg","name":"large_jeremy-bezanger-k8HniqcdYS4-unsplash.jpg","path":null,"size":210.13,"width":1000,"height":667},"small":{"ext":".jpg","url":"https://goldilocks-images.s3.eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/small_jeremy_bezanger_k8_Hniqcd_YS_4_unsplash_3ce8640f52.jpg","hash":"small_jeremy_bezanger_k8_Hniqcd_YS_4_unsplash_3ce8640f52","mime":"image/jpeg","name":"small_jeremy-bezanger-k8HniqcdYS4-unsplash.jpg","path":null,"size":59.27,"width":500,"height":333},"medium":{"ext":".jpg","url":"https://goldilocks-images.s3.eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/medium_jeremy_bezanger_k8_Hniqcd_YS_4_unsplash_3ce8640f52.jpg","hash":"medium_jeremy_bezanger_k8_Hniqcd_YS_4_unsplash_3ce8640f52","mime":"image/jpeg","name":"medium_jeremy-bezanger-k8HniqcdYS4-unsplash.jpg","path":null,"size":125.21,"width":750,"height":500},"thumbnail":{"ext":".jpg","url":"https://goldilocks-images.s3.eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/thumbnail_jeremy_bezanger_k8_Hniqcd_YS_4_unsplash_3ce8640f52.jpg","hash":"thumbnail_jeremy_bezanger_k8_Hniqcd_YS_4_unsplash_3ce8640f52","mime":"image/jpeg","name":"thumbnail_jeremy-bezanger-k8HniqcdYS4-unsplash.jpg","path":null,"size":15.45,"width":234,"height":156}},"previewUrl":null}},{"id":502,"name":"Regenerate","description":"**Harmonize with nature** by promoting infrastructure, production systems and sourcing that allows natural ecosystems to thrive\n\n\n","properties":null,"framework":135,"article":null,"parent":null,"created_at":"2021-03-25T11:21:34.360Z","updated_at":"2022-02-21T15:24:05.322Z","order":2,"icon_alt":null,"summary":null,"icon":{"id":3151,"name":"5R_Regenerate.png","hash":"5_R_Regenerate_1da0dc512c","sha256":null,"ext":".png","mime":"image/png","size":237.8,"url":"https://goldilocks-images.s3.eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/5_R_Regenerate_1da0dc512c.png","provider":"aws-s3","provider_metadata":null,"created_at":"2021-09-30T09:19:09.106Z","updated_at":"2021-09-30T09:19:09.146Z","alternativeText":"","caption":"","width":4167,"height":4167,"formats":{"large":{"ext":".png","url":"https://goldilocks-images.s3.eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/large_5_R_Regenerate_1da0dc512c.png","hash":"large_5_R_Regenerate_1da0dc512c","mime":"image/png","name":"large_5R_Regenerate.png","path":null,"size":82.39,"width":1000,"height":1000},"small":{"ext":".png","url":"https://goldilocks-images.s3.eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/small_5_R_Regenerate_1da0dc512c.png","hash":"small_5_R_Regenerate_1da0dc512c","mime":"image/png","name":"small_5R_Regenerate.png","path":null,"size":37.17,"width":500,"height":500},"medium":{"ext":".png","url":"https://goldilocks-images.s3.eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/medium_5_R_Regenerate_1da0dc512c.png","hash":"medium_5_R_Regenerate_1da0dc512c","mime":"image/png","name":"medium_5R_Regenerate.png","path":null,"size":58.44,"width":750,"height":750},"thumbnail":{"ext":".png","url":"https://goldilocks-images.s3.eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/thumbnail_5_R_Regenerate_1da0dc512c.png","hash":"thumbnail_5_R_Regenerate_1da0dc512c","mime":"image/png","name":"thumbnail_5R_Regenerate.png","path":null,"size":9.93,"width":156,"height":156}},"previewUrl":null}},{"id":894,"name":"āš”  Recycling and repurposing energy equipment","description":"Renewable energy already accounts for over 50% of the newly installed power generation capacity ([IRENA](https://www.irena.org/publications/2019/Apr/Global-energy-transformation-A-roadmap-to-2050-2019Edition)). As the power generation shifts towards renewables, oil and gas assets will need decommissioning and demand for materials will increase to meet the need for new energy infrastructure. However, secondary materials are rarely available. The majority of materials and equipment from old energy infrastructure is downcycled rather than reused or repurposed. Whereas recycling processes for renewable energy equipment are not widespread yet, mainly because until now, the issue of their disposal and recycling has not existed on a large scale. \n\nThe circular economy could reduce virgin material extraction and offer high-value alternatives through recycling and decommissioning old energy infrastructureā€”from recycling glass in solar panels to repurposing wind turbines into bikeshed and bridges. The global market for disposal and recycling of solar and wind equipment could be worth upwards of $360 million by 2024, meaning great opportunities for green job and workforce development ([Better Energy](https://www.betterenergy.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/10/Waste-and-Recycling-Fact-Sheet.pdf)). Repurposing and recycling these assets can also reduce emissions associated with the disposal of their components and create revenue to finance decommissioning through the reselling of components at end-of-life.\n\nLocal governments can facilitate this transition by setting the right regulations that enable repurposing and recycling of these assets, offer upskilling and reskilling opportunities for workers that could focus on decommissioning and recycling assets as we move away from building new facilities, and require approved end-of-life management plans to be included in tenders for energy projects managed by the city. Governments can also support research on recycling technologies and ensure that financial resources are available for end of life handling of the equipment even if the original parties are unable to perform it (e.g. if they have gone out of business)ā€”via a performance bond or other surety.\n","properties":{"cost":"high","emissions":"medium"},"framework":135,"article":null,"parent":518,"created_at":"2021-12-02T12:24:15.952Z","updated_at":"2022-02-21T15:24:05.322Z","order":null,"icon_alt":"Photo by Ted McGrath on Flickr","summary":null,"icon":{"id":4471,"name":"33773314248_60ca9239d8_k.jpg","hash":"33773314248_60ca9239d8_k_1dfd708c25","sha256":null,"ext":".jpg","mime":"image/jpeg","size":248.3,"url":"https://goldilocks-images.s3.eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/33773314248_60ca9239d8_k_1dfd708c25.jpg","provider":"aws-s3","provider_metadata":null,"created_at":"2021-12-02T12:24:12.305Z","updated_at":"2021-12-02T12:24:12.339Z","alternativeText":"","caption":"","width":2047,"height":615,"formats":{"large":{"ext":".jpg","url":"https://goldilocks-images.s3.eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/large_33773314248_60ca9239d8_k_1dfd708c25.jpg","hash":"large_33773314248_60ca9239d8_k_1dfd708c25","mime":"image/jpeg","name":"large_33773314248_60ca9239d8_k.jpg","path":null,"size":58.73,"width":1000,"height":300},"small":{"ext":".jpg","url":"https://goldilocks-images.s3.eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/small_33773314248_60ca9239d8_k_1dfd708c25.jpg","hash":"small_33773314248_60ca9239d8_k_1dfd708c25","mime":"image/jpeg","name":"small_33773314248_60ca9239d8_k.jpg","path":null,"size":15.87,"width":500,"height":150},"medium":{"ext":".jpg","url":"https://goldilocks-images.s3.eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/medium_33773314248_60ca9239d8_k_1dfd708c25.jpg","hash":"medium_33773314248_60ca9239d8_k_1dfd708c25","mime":"image/jpeg","name":"medium_33773314248_60ca9239d8_k.jpg","path":null,"size":34.1,"width":750,"height":225},"thumbnail":{"ext":".jpg","url":"https://goldilocks-images.s3.eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/thumbnail_33773314248_60ca9239d8_k_1dfd708c25.jpg","hash":"thumbnail_33773314248_60ca9239d8_k_1dfd708c25","mime":"image/jpeg","name":"thumbnail_33773314248_60ca9239d8_k.jpg","path":null,"size":4.64,"width":245,"height":74}},"previewUrl":null}},{"id":507,"name":"Enable sustainable lifestyles","description":"Includes a variety of actions (e.g. campaigns, information sharing, public events) that encourage city residents and visitors to build sustainable practices into their daily lives","properties":null,"framework":135,"article":null,"parent":501,"created_at":"2021-03-25T11:24:15.972Z","updated_at":"2022-10-18T11:05:24.598Z","order":3,"icon_alt":null,"summary":null,"icon":null},{"id":512,"name":"Support reuse, repair, remanufacturing, maintenance of existing resources, products, spaces & infrastructure","description":"Maintain and repair city-owned spaces and infrastructure to increase longevity, and support opportunities for residents to do the same for privately owned items and property","properties":null,"framework":135,"article":null,"parent":503,"created_at":"2021-03-25T11:27:29.660Z","updated_at":"2022-02-21T15:24:05.322Z","order":3,"icon_alt":null,"summary":null,"icon":null},{"id":531,"name":"šŸ  Separate organic waste collection infrastructure","description":"The circular potential of organic wastes is dependent on the quality and low contamination rate of the residual stream that is collected. Food and organic wastes are difficult to sort and separate post-collection, and as such, collecting organic wastes through a mixed collection are often limited to incineration or landfill. Therefore, collecting organic wastes through a separate collection system is key to unlock potential high-value management practices, for example, composting and anaerobic digestion.\n\nDue to the strong influence over the operation of local waste management systems, local governments have a key role in the provision of separate organic waste collection systems throughout the city. Collections systems can vary to suit the specific characteristics of particular neighbourhoods and areas of a city. For example, areas with detached homes have more space for bins, while for apartments with less space, a communal receptacle may be more appropriate. Communication campaigns can help to raise awareness and encourage participation of residents to separate their organic wastes. \n","properties":{"cost":"low","emissions":"low"},"framework":135,"article":null,"parent":519,"created_at":"2021-08-23T11:08:46.364Z","updated_at":"2022-02-21T15:24:05.322Z","order":null,"icon_alt":null,"summary":null,"icon":{"id":2951,"name":"nareeta-martin-FoG7PKNYjpM-unsplash.jpeg","hash":"nareeta_martin_Fo_G7_PKN_Yjp_M_unsplash_d26b4ac2db","sha256":null,"ext":".jpeg","mime":"image/jpeg","size":1909.51,"url":"https://goldilocks-images.s3.eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/nareeta_martin_Fo_G7_PKN_Yjp_M_unsplash_d26b4ac2db.jpeg","provider":"aws-s3","provider_metadata":null,"created_at":"2021-09-09T08:39:39.519Z","updated_at":"2021-09-09T08:39:39.539Z","alternativeText":"","caption":"","width":5472,"height":3648,"formats":{"large":{"ext":".jpeg","url":"https://goldilocks-images.s3.eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/large_nareeta_martin_Fo_G7_PKN_Yjp_M_unsplash_d26b4ac2db.jpeg","hash":"large_nareeta_martin_Fo_G7_PKN_Yjp_M_unsplash_d26b4ac2db","mime":"image/jpeg","name":"large_nareeta-martin-FoG7PKNYjpM-unsplash.jpeg","path":null,"size":137.43,"width":1000,"height":667},"small":{"ext":".jpeg","url":"https://goldilocks-images.s3.eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/small_nareeta_martin_Fo_G7_PKN_Yjp_M_unsplash_d26b4ac2db.jpeg","hash":"small_nareeta_martin_Fo_G7_PKN_Yjp_M_unsplash_d26b4ac2db","mime":"image/jpeg","name":"small_nareeta-martin-FoG7PKNYjpM-unsplash.jpeg","path":null,"size":42.99,"width":500,"height":333},"medium":{"ext":".jpeg","url":"https://goldilocks-images.s3.eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/medium_nareeta_martin_Fo_G7_PKN_Yjp_M_unsplash_d26b4ac2db.jpeg","hash":"medium_nareeta_martin_Fo_G7_PKN_Yjp_M_unsplash_d26b4ac2db","mime":"image/jpeg","name":"medium_nareeta-martin-FoG7PKNYjpM-unsplash.jpeg","path":null,"size":85.77,"width":750,"height":500},"thumbnail":{"ext":".jpeg","url":"https://goldilocks-images.s3.eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/thumbnail_nareeta_martin_Fo_G7_PKN_Yjp_M_unsplash_d26b4ac2db.jpeg","hash":"thumbnail_nareeta_martin_Fo_G7_PKN_Yjp_M_unsplash_d26b4ac2db","mime":"image/jpeg","name":"thumbnail_nareeta-martin-FoG7PKNYjpM-unsplash.jpeg","path":null,"size":12.46,"width":234,"height":156}},"previewUrl":null}},{"id":568,"name":"šŸ  Strengthen urban-rural links within the food system","description":"Much of the worldā€™s croplands are situated within peri-urban areas, yet this food is often not consumed in its neighbouring urban area, rather it is exported and consumed vast distances away. By strengthening links with food producers in surrounding peri-urban and urban areas, to create city-region food systems, cities can influence the way food is produced and how resources are managed. For example, reconnecting cities with their local food production can create local economies, encourage local seasonal diets, denser local transport networks, and even support regenerative techniques that support native crop varieties. This in conjunction with trade supports a more distributed system that relies on a diverse range of suppliers, and can cycle nutrients from food wastes back to the surrounding ecosystem. \n\nTo foster city-region food systems, local governments can engage and convene stakeholders along the local food chain, from farmers, to logistics companies, to jointly envision the path to a local circular food system. This can be facilitated through the creation of platforms to connect local stakeholders. The City can also stimulate the use of regionally and regeneratively produced foods through, for example, rewarding best practices, and raising public awareness through campaigns. \n","properties":{"cost":"high","emissions":"low"},"framework":135,"article":null,"parent":506,"created_at":"2021-08-31T10:32:16.493Z","updated_at":"2022-02-21T15:24:05.322Z","order":null,"icon_alt":null,"summary":null,"icon":{"id":2953,"name":"justin-luebke-BkkVcWUgwEk-unsplash.jpeg","hash":"justin_luebke_Bkk_Vc_W_Ugw_Ek_unsplash_ff8b589413","sha256":null,"ext":".jpeg","mime":"image/jpeg","size":4962.49,"url":"https://goldilocks-images.s3.eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/justin_luebke_Bkk_Vc_W_Ugw_Ek_unsplash_ff8b589413.jpeg","provider":"aws-s3","provider_metadata":null,"created_at":"2021-09-09T08:42:15.515Z","updated_at":"2021-09-09T08:42:15.558Z","alternativeText":"","caption":"","width":7360,"height":4912,"formats":{"large":{"ext":".jpeg","url":"https://goldilocks-images.s3.eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/large_justin_luebke_Bkk_Vc_W_Ugw_Ek_unsplash_ff8b589413.jpeg","hash":"large_justin_luebke_Bkk_Vc_W_Ugw_Ek_unsplash_ff8b589413","mime":"image/jpeg","name":"large_justin-luebke-BkkVcWUgwEk-unsplash.jpeg","path":null,"size":94.41,"width":1000,"height":667},"small":{"ext":".jpeg","url":"https://goldilocks-images.s3.eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/small_justin_luebke_Bkk_Vc_W_Ugw_Ek_unsplash_ff8b589413.jpeg","hash":"small_justin_luebke_Bkk_Vc_W_Ugw_Ek_unsplash_ff8b589413","mime":"image/jpeg","name":"small_justin-luebke-BkkVcWUgwEk-unsplash.jpeg","path":null,"size":34.26,"width":500,"height":334},"medium":{"ext":".jpeg","url":"https://goldilocks-images.s3.eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/medium_justin_luebke_Bkk_Vc_W_Ugw_Ek_unsplash_ff8b589413.jpeg","hash":"medium_justin_luebke_Bkk_Vc_W_Ugw_Ek_unsplash_ff8b589413","mime":"image/jpeg","name":"medium_justin-luebke-BkkVcWUgwEk-unsplash.jpeg","path":null,"size":61.52,"width":750,"height":501},"thumbnail":{"ext":".jpeg","url":"https://goldilocks-images.s3.eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/thumbnail_justin_luebke_Bkk_Vc_W_Ugw_Ek_unsplash_ff8b589413.jpeg","hash":"thumbnail_justin_luebke_Bkk_Vc_W_Ugw_Ek_unsplash_ff8b589413","mime":"image/jpeg","name":"thumbnail_justin-luebke-BkkVcWUgwEk-unsplash.jpeg","path":null,"size":10.52,"width":234,"height":156}},"previewUrl":null}},{"id":1259,"name":"šŸ’§ Circular business models for water systems innovation","description":"Circular water systems in cities will also depend on new business models shaping innovations and new activities. For example, water operators can determine the shift towards circular business models (e.g. fostering water reuse, decentralised water solutions, etc.).\n\nCities can explore innovative financing and other support measuresā€”for instance, building the adequate expertise in water resource and efficiency management or innovation challengesā€”for circular business models in water systems. Simultaneously, they should develop the right policy, institutional, regulatory frameworks to promote scale up these models. Fostering these new business models with additional revenue streams would, in turn, attract the private sector to close the funding gap needed for the circular transition.\n","properties":{"cost":"medium","emissions":"low"},"framework":135,"article":null,"parent":516,"created_at":"2022-05-25T17:04:00.392Z","updated_at":"2022-08-09T14:54:05.613Z","order":null,"icon_alt":"Photo by Karim Ghantous on Unsplash","summary":null,"icon":{"id":13396,"name":"karim-ghantous-dxS2okXd-zo-unsplash.jpg","hash":"karim_ghantous_dx_S2ok_Xd_zo_unsplash_e307c73711","sha256":null,"ext":".jpg","mime":"image/jpeg","size":788.07,"url":"https://goldilocks-images.s3.eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/karim_ghantous_dx_S2ok_Xd_zo_unsplash_e307c73711.jpg","provider":"aws-s3","provider_metadata":null,"created_at":"2022-08-09T14:53:55.539Z","updated_at":"2022-08-09T14:53:55.554Z","alternativeText":"","caption":"","width":4912,"height":3264,"formats":{"large":{"ext":".jpg","url":"https://goldilocks-images.s3.eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/large_karim_ghantous_dx_S2ok_Xd_zo_unsplash_e307c73711.jpg","hash":"large_karim_ghantous_dx_S2ok_Xd_zo_unsplash_e307c73711","mime":"image/jpeg","name":"large_karim-ghantous-dxS2okXd-zo-unsplash.jpg","path":null,"size":71.98,"width":1000,"height":664},"small":{"ext":".jpg","url":"https://goldilocks-images.s3.eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/small_karim_ghantous_dx_S2ok_Xd_zo_unsplash_e307c73711.jpg","hash":"small_karim_ghantous_dx_S2ok_Xd_zo_unsplash_e307c73711","mime":"image/jpeg","name":"small_karim-ghantous-dxS2okXd-zo-unsplash.jpg","path":null,"size":28.11,"width":500,"height":332},"medium":{"ext":".jpg","url":"https://goldilocks-images.s3.eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/medium_karim_ghantous_dx_S2ok_Xd_zo_unsplash_e307c73711.jpg","hash":"medium_karim_ghantous_dx_S2ok_Xd_zo_unsplash_e307c73711","mime":"image/jpeg","name":"medium_karim-ghantous-dxS2okXd-zo-unsplash.jpg","path":null,"size":48.79,"width":750,"height":498},"thumbnail":{"ext":".jpg","url":"https://goldilocks-images.s3.eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/thumbnail_karim_ghantous_dx_S2ok_Xd_zo_unsplash_e307c73711.jpg","hash":"thumbnail_karim_ghantous_dx_S2ok_Xd_zo_unsplash_e307c73711","mime":"image/jpeg","name":"thumbnail_karim-ghantous-dxS2okXd-zo-unsplash.jpg","path":null,"size":13.19,"width":235,"height":156}},"previewUrl":null}},{"id":1323,"name":"šŸ‘•šŸ“± Reduce consumption of new consumer goods by local governments","description":"Consumer goods are typically fast moving through the economy, meaning they are produced and disposed of in a short space of time. This has led to consumer goods being responsible for significant quantities of avoidable waste generation, often consisting of materials that cannot easily be recycled, and often end up polluting the environment.\n\nA local government can consume less goods in the first place, which allows the waste generated to be reduced significantly, and reduces environmental pollution. Many consumer goods can be made more durable, allowing for multiuse rather than continual procurement of new goods. One such example of ths is reusing uniforms used in some public sectors (e.g. police service), rather than unnecessarily procuring a new set for every new employee.\n\nLocal governments can reduce their consumption of consumer goods in their city by creating awareness campaigns about overconsumption and the idea of ā€˜doing more with lessā€™, where appropriate. Local governments can also directly reduce their consumption by pursuing a green public procurement policy. This is a process in which a local government prioritises the procurement of goods and services with the lowest environmental impact. In many cases this yields the procurement of less goods by purchasing more durable alternatives or reusing existing resources. \n\n","properties":{"cost":"low","emissions":"medium"},"framework":135,"article":null,"parent":517,"created_at":"2022-07-26T12:02:49.704Z","updated_at":"2022-07-26T12:08:03.612Z","order":null,"icon_alt":"Photo by Steve Johnson on Unsplash","summary":null,"icon":{"id":12428,"name":"steve-johnson-N-MqWXXZvNY-unsplash.jpg","hash":"steve_johnson_N_Mq_WXX_Zv_NY_unsplash_c30515cc60","sha256":null,"ext":".jpg","mime":"image/jpeg","size":265.11,"url":"https://goldilocks-images.s3.eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/steve_johnson_N_Mq_WXX_Zv_NY_unsplash_c30515cc60.jpg","provider":"aws-s3","provider_metadata":null,"created_at":"2022-07-26T12:08:00.618Z","updated_at":"2022-07-26T12:08:00.629Z","alternativeText":"","caption":"","width":3328,"height":1864,"formats":{"large":{"ext":".jpg","url":"https://goldilocks-images.s3.eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/large_steve_johnson_N_Mq_WXX_Zv_NY_unsplash_c30515cc60.jpg","hash":"large_steve_johnson_N_Mq_WXX_Zv_NY_unsplash_c30515cc60","mime":"image/jpeg","name":"large_steve-johnson-N-MqWXXZvNY-unsplash.jpg","path":null,"size":43.54,"width":1000,"height":560},"small":{"ext":".jpg","url":"https://goldilocks-images.s3.eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/small_steve_johnson_N_Mq_WXX_Zv_NY_unsplash_c30515cc60.jpg","hash":"small_steve_johnson_N_Mq_WXX_Zv_NY_unsplash_c30515cc60","mime":"image/jpeg","name":"small_steve-johnson-N-MqWXXZvNY-unsplash.jpg","path":null,"size":14.75,"width":500,"height":280},"medium":{"ext":".jpg","url":"https://goldilocks-images.s3.eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/medium_steve_johnson_N_Mq_WXX_Zv_NY_unsplash_c30515cc60.jpg","hash":"medium_steve_johnson_N_Mq_WXX_Zv_NY_unsplash_c30515cc60","mime":"image/jpeg","name":"medium_steve-johnson-N-MqWXXZvNY-unsplash.jpg","path":null,"size":27.68,"width":750,"height":420},"thumbnail":{"ext":".jpg","url":"https://goldilocks-images.s3.eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/thumbnail_steve_johnson_N_Mq_WXX_Zv_NY_unsplash_c30515cc60.jpg","hash":"thumbnail_steve_johnson_N_Mq_WXX_Zv_NY_unsplash_c30515cc60","mime":"image/jpeg","name":"thumbnail_steve-johnson-N-MqWXXZvNY-unsplash.jpg","path":null,"size":5.01,"width":245,"height":137}},"previewUrl":null}},{"id":504,"name":"Reduce","description":"Do better with less by using and supporting infrastructure, processes and products that are designed to minimize material, water and energy use and waste generation from production to end of use\n","properties":null,"framework":135,"article":null,"parent":null,"created_at":"2021-03-25T11:22:15.200Z","updated_at":"2022-02-21T15:24:05.322Z","order":3,"icon_alt":null,"summary":null,"icon":{"id":3149,"name":"5R_Reduce.png","hash":"5_R_Reduce_8edca150fd","sha256":null,"ext":".png","mime":"image/png","size":165.65,"url":"https://goldilocks-images.s3.eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/5_R_Reduce_8edca150fd.png","provider":"aws-s3","provider_metadata":null,"created_at":"2021-09-30T09:17:04.011Z","updated_at":"2021-09-30T09:17:05.093Z","alternativeText":"","caption":"","width":4167,"height":4167,"formats":{"large":{"ext":".png","url":"https://goldilocks-images.s3.eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/large_5_R_Reduce_8edca150fd.png","hash":"large_5_R_Reduce_8edca150fd","mime":"image/png","name":"large_5R_Reduce.png","path":null,"size":60.02,"width":1000,"height":1000},"small":{"ext":".png","url":"https://goldilocks-images.s3.eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/small_5_R_Reduce_8edca150fd.png","hash":"small_5_R_Reduce_8edca150fd","mime":"image/png","name":"small_5R_Reduce.png","path":null,"size":29.74,"width":500,"height":500},"medium":{"ext":".png","url":"https://goldilocks-images.s3.eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/medium_5_R_Reduce_8edca150fd.png","hash":"medium_5_R_Reduce_8edca150fd","mime":"image/png","name":"medium_5R_Reduce.png","path":null,"size":44.23,"width":750,"height":750},"thumbnail":{"ext":".png","url":"https://goldilocks-images.s3.eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/thumbnail_5_R_Reduce_8edca150fd.png","hash":"thumbnail_5_R_Reduce_8edca150fd","mime":"image/png","name":"thumbnail_5R_Reduce.png","path":null,"size":8.66,"width":156,"height":156}},"previewUrl":null}},{"id":1158,"name":"šŸšŒ  Recycling of vehicle components","description":"The most common and visible problems associated with vehicle use and transportation in cities are road accidents, air pollution, or traffic congestion. However, vehicles also present a problem at the end of their life. They continue to take up space in landfill (although sometimes in a compacted form), and even if fossil fuel vehicles are phased out, the shift to electric vehicles in the short term could lead to more internal combustion engine vehicles being scrapped, and to a mountain of battery waste in the longer term.\n\nHigh-value reuse, and recycling of vehicles and their components, is key to a sustainable future of mobility. When reuse is not an option, advanced recycling technologies can extract valuable raw materials, such as lithium and cobalt, before batteries are disposed of. This would not only reduce the burden on incinerators and landfills, but could provide a new, local and circular source of critical materials for the automotive industry. \n\nAlthough only few initiatives exist at the municipal level to support high-value reuse and recycling of vehicle components, many initiatives are being supported at national level and businesses are taking the lead in implementing pilot projects across Europe. In the future, local governments could support the recycling of materials by implementing environmental standards for pollution reduction, dismantling, crushing and shredding of vehicles, as well as financial incentives (such as tax rebates and subsidies.) for remanufacturing of cars and part recovery. Alternatively, cities could ban the landfilling of scrap metals and batteries without any previous treatment. Collaboration and engagement with local businesses can help local governments to accelerate research and disseminate knowledge about circular economy approaches to end-of-life vehicle management. \n","properties":{"cost":"medium","emissions":"medium"},"framework":135,"article":null,"parent":520,"created_at":"2022-05-17T13:55:48.220Z","updated_at":"2022-08-09T14:41:48.310Z","order":null,"icon_alt":"Photo by JosĆ© Pinto on Unsplash","summary":null,"icon":{"id":8664,"name":"jose-pinto-yeMpSqF8Z-8-unsplash.jpg","hash":"jose_pinto_ye_Mp_Sq_F8_Z_8_unsplash_3de3b39dc0","sha256":null,"ext":".jpg","mime":"image/jpeg","size":1896.84,"url":"https://goldilocks-images.s3.eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/jose_pinto_ye_Mp_Sq_F8_Z_8_unsplash_3de3b39dc0.jpg","provider":"aws-s3","provider_metadata":null,"created_at":"2022-05-17T13:55:14.811Z","updated_at":"2022-05-17T13:55:14.829Z","alternativeText":"","caption":"","width":4000,"height":6000,"formats":{"large":{"ext":".jpg","url":"https://goldilocks-images.s3.eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/large_jose_pinto_ye_Mp_Sq_F8_Z_8_unsplash_3de3b39dc0.jpg","hash":"large_jose_pinto_ye_Mp_Sq_F8_Z_8_unsplash_3de3b39dc0","mime":"image/jpeg","name":"large_jose-pinto-yeMpSqF8Z-8-unsplash.jpg","path":null,"size":71.84,"width":667,"height":1000},"small":{"ext":".jpg","url":"https://goldilocks-images.s3.eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/small_jose_pinto_ye_Mp_Sq_F8_Z_8_unsplash_3de3b39dc0.jpg","hash":"small_jose_pinto_ye_Mp_Sq_F8_Z_8_unsplash_3de3b39dc0","mime":"image/jpeg","name":"small_jose-pinto-yeMpSqF8Z-8-unsplash.jpg","path":null,"size":25.17,"width":333,"height":500},"medium":{"ext":".jpg","url":"https://goldilocks-images.s3.eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/medium_jose_pinto_ye_Mp_Sq_F8_Z_8_unsplash_3de3b39dc0.jpg","hash":"medium_jose_pinto_ye_Mp_Sq_F8_Z_8_unsplash_3de3b39dc0","mime":"image/jpeg","name":"medium_jose-pinto-yeMpSqF8Z-8-unsplash.jpg","path":null,"size":46.05,"width":500,"height":750},"thumbnail":{"ext":".jpg","url":"https://goldilocks-images.s3.eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/thumbnail_jose_pinto_ye_Mp_Sq_F8_Z_8_unsplash_3de3b39dc0.jpg","hash":"thumbnail_jose_pinto_ye_Mp_Sq_F8_Z_8_unsplash_3de3b39dc0","mime":"image/jpeg","name":"thumbnail_jose-pinto-yeMpSqF8Z-8-unsplash.jpg","path":null,"size":4.33,"width":104,"height":156}},"previewUrl":null}},{"id":931,"name":"šŸšŒ  Low-carbon energy input for mobility","description":"The mobility system is a major consumer of fossil fuels. All modes of transportation that consume fossil fuels contribute to global greenhouse gas emissions, as well as air and water pollution. Despite growing recognition of electric mobility, global oil demand for transportation (personal and freight vehicles, aircraft, rail and also marine) over the next two decades are expected to exceed demand for the previous two, largely because of projected transportation sector growth in the global south ([APS](https://www.aps.org/policy/reports/popa-reports/energy/transportation.cfm)).\n\nA shift towards sustainable energy sources for transportation is needed to counteract the escalating climate crisis and its threat to our planet's ecosystem and society. Increased electrification and use of low-carbon fuels must be a priority over the next decade to decrease the negative impact of the mobility system. Electrification must be coupled with a decarbonisation electricity system, moving away from power generation from fossil fuels, in order to gain the potential carbon emission reduction benefits. Low-carbon fuels (LCF) such as biodiesel, bioethanol, green hydrogen and renewable compressed natural gas (R-CNG), for instance, can also help to lower carbon emissions from transportation.\n\nLocal governments can stimulate the use of low-carbon energy throughout the urban mobility system by improving the availability of electric charging infrastructure to help ensure that it can be financially attractive compared to that of fossil fuels. Additionally, cities can transition their own mobility fleet towards electric vehicles or to be powered with low-carbon fuels. The production of such low-carbon fuels can be produced by residual materials that are collected and managed by the municipality (such as developed biofuel from food loss and waste, which can power buses or waste collection vehicles). \n","properties":{"cost":"medium","emissions":"high"},"framework":135,"article":null,"parent":510,"created_at":"2021-12-05T15:09:52.633Z","updated_at":"2022-05-17T13:39:36.213Z","order":null,"icon_alt":"Photo by Martijn Baudoin on Unsplash","summary":null,"icon":{"id":4561,"name":"martijn-baudoin-_8iBIGD-k1A-unsplash.jpg","hash":"martijn_baudoin_8i_BIGD_k1_A_unsplash_283564c6f3","sha256":null,"ext":".jpg","mime":"image/jpeg","size":620.7,"url":"https://goldilocks-images.s3.eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/martijn_baudoin_8i_BIGD_k1_A_unsplash_283564c6f3.jpg","provider":"aws-s3","provider_metadata":null,"created_at":"2021-12-05T15:08:36.616Z","updated_at":"2021-12-05T15:08:36.635Z","alternativeText":"","caption":"","width":5000,"height":1708,"formats":{"large":{"ext":".jpg","url":"https://goldilocks-images.s3.eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/large_martijn_baudoin_8i_BIGD_k1_A_unsplash_283564c6f3.jpg","hash":"large_martijn_baudoin_8i_BIGD_k1_A_unsplash_283564c6f3","mime":"image/jpeg","name":"large_martijn-baudoin-_8iBIGD-k1A-unsplash.jpg","path":null,"size":43.85,"width":1000,"height":342},"small":{"ext":".jpg","url":"https://goldilocks-images.s3.eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/small_martijn_baudoin_8i_BIGD_k1_A_unsplash_283564c6f3.jpg","hash":"small_martijn_baudoin_8i_BIGD_k1_A_unsplash_283564c6f3","mime":"image/jpeg","name":"small_martijn-baudoin-_8iBIGD-k1A-unsplash.jpg","path":null,"size":14.48,"width":500,"height":171},"medium":{"ext":".jpg","url":"https://goldilocks-images.s3.eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/medium_martijn_baudoin_8i_BIGD_k1_A_unsplash_283564c6f3.jpg","hash":"medium_martijn_baudoin_8i_BIGD_k1_A_unsplash_283564c6f3","mime":"image/jpeg","name":"medium_martijn-baudoin-_8iBIGD-k1A-unsplash.jpg","path":null,"size":26.97,"width":750,"height":256},"thumbnail":{"ext":".jpg","url":"https://goldilocks-images.s3.eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/thumbnail_martijn_baudoin_8i_BIGD_k1_A_unsplash_283564c6f3.jpg","hash":"thumbnail_martijn_baudoin_8i_BIGD_k1_A_unsplash_283564c6f3","mime":"image/jpeg","name":"thumbnail_martijn-baudoin-_8iBIGD-k1A-unsplash.jpg","path":null,"size":4.61,"width":245,"height":84}},"previewUrl":null}},{"id":861,"name":"āš”šŸ’§  Capture and utilise residual heat","description":"In many industrial processes and in data centres, part of the energy input is lost as residual heat. It is possible to recover the excess heat to be used as a new source of energy. Recovering and utilising residual heat reduces the demand for additional heat generation. In turn, this reduces fuel requirements, and subsequently emissions if fossil fuels are used to generate heat.\n\nResidual heat can be recovered via pipelines and reused again on-site, or transported to another location for another use, such as district heating which heats the homes of residents. In cases where the temperature of the recovered heat is too low, heat pumps can facilitate increasing the temperature to a more suitable temperature. \n\nLocal governments can utilise their wide knowledge and influence to map residual heat flows and heat demand sites to help connect heat supply and demand across stakeholders in the most optimal way. As well as supplying industry with this knowledge, local governments can provide subsidies to industrial sites and data centers to help them to procure the relevant infrastructure and additional technology (e.g. heat pumps). What is more, local governments can commission the development of district heating networks.\n","properties":{"cost":"high","emissions":"high"},"framework":135,"article":null,"parent":514,"created_at":"2021-12-02T12:16:06.250Z","updated_at":"2022-02-21T15:24:05.322Z","order":null,"icon_alt":"Photo by Victor on Unsplash","summary":null,"icon":{"id":4438,"name":"victor-UoIiVYka3VY-unsplash.jpg","hash":"victor_Uo_Ii_V_Yka3_VY_unsplash_659e364880","sha256":null,"ext":".jpg","mime":"image/jpeg","size":490.55,"url":"https://goldilocks-images.s3.eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/victor_Uo_Ii_V_Yka3_VY_unsplash_659e364880.jpg","provider":"aws-s3","provider_metadata":null,"created_at":"2021-12-02T12:15:39.129Z","updated_at":"2021-12-02T12:15:39.191Z","alternativeText":"","caption":"","width":3150,"height":3937,"formats":{"large":{"ext":".jpg","url":"https://goldilocks-images.s3.eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/large_victor_Uo_Ii_V_Yka3_VY_unsplash_659e364880.jpg","hash":"large_victor_Uo_Ii_V_Yka3_VY_unsplash_659e364880","mime":"image/jpeg","name":"large_victor-UoIiVYka3VY-unsplash.jpg","path":null,"size":59.34,"width":800,"height":1000},"small":{"ext":".jpg","url":"https://goldilocks-images.s3.eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/small_victor_Uo_Ii_V_Yka3_VY_unsplash_659e364880.jpg","hash":"small_victor_Uo_Ii_V_Yka3_VY_unsplash_659e364880","mime":"image/jpeg","name":"small_victor-UoIiVYka3VY-unsplash.jpg","path":null,"size":21.36,"width":400,"height":500},"medium":{"ext":".jpg","url":"https://goldilocks-images.s3.eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/medium_victor_Uo_Ii_V_Yka3_VY_unsplash_659e364880.jpg","hash":"medium_victor_Uo_Ii_V_Yka3_VY_unsplash_659e364880","mime":"image/jpeg","name":"medium_victor-UoIiVYka3VY-unsplash.jpg","path":null,"size":38.29,"width":600,"height":750},"thumbnail":{"ext":".jpg","url":"https://goldilocks-images.s3.eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/thumbnail_victor_Uo_Ii_V_Yka3_VY_unsplash_659e364880.jpg","hash":"thumbnail_victor_Uo_Ii_V_Yka3_VY_unsplash_659e364880","mime":"image/jpeg","name":"thumbnail_victor-UoIiVYka3VY-unsplash.jpg","path":null,"size":4.13,"width":125,"height":156}},"previewUrl":null}},{"id":1258,"name":"šŸ’§ Rainwater harvesting","description":"Harvesting and utilising the rainwater harvesting that falls across a city can reduce the pressure on water local reserves and catchments, while at the same time enabling stormwater runoff and providing water for human use. This practice is not new, it has long been used in many parts of the world.\n\nCities can introduce various water saving infrastructure solutions that harvest rainwater, from roofs, paved and unpaved areas, parks, and other buildingsā€”either to use it or to replenish local aquifers. Reworking city-wide master plans that promote policy alignment is vital, as well as the involvement and cooperation of the communities vital for implementation.  Cities can also incentivise their citizens to capture and reuse rainwater through subsidy schemes. This in turn can reduce costs for the city in maintaining the local water system.\n","properties":{"cost":"low","emissions":"low"},"framework":135,"article":null,"parent":510,"created_at":"2022-05-25T16:58:32.680Z","updated_at":"2022-08-09T14:50:13.392Z","order":null,"icon_alt":"Photo by reza shayestehpour on Unsplash","summary":null,"icon":{"id":9336,"name":"reza-shayestehpour-Nw_D8v79PM4-unsplash.jpg","hash":"reza_shayestehpour_Nw_D8v79_PM_4_unsplash_9db6d4b5d5","sha256":null,"ext":".jpg","mime":"image/jpeg","size":1342.03,"url":"https://goldilocks-images.s3.eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/reza_shayestehpour_Nw_D8v79_PM_4_unsplash_9db6d4b5d5.jpg","provider":"aws-s3","provider_metadata":null,"created_at":"2022-05-25T16:57:34.380Z","updated_at":"2022-05-25T16:57:34.392Z","alternativeText":"","caption":"","width":4000,"height":3000,"formats":{"large":{"ext":".jpg","url":"https://goldilocks-images.s3.eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/large_reza_shayestehpour_Nw_D8v79_PM_4_unsplash_9db6d4b5d5.jpg","hash":"large_reza_shayestehpour_Nw_D8v79_PM_4_unsplash_9db6d4b5d5","mime":"image/jpeg","name":"large_reza-shayestehpour-Nw_D8v79PM4-unsplash.jpg","path":null,"size":67.94,"width":1000,"height":750},"small":{"ext":".jpg","url":"https://goldilocks-images.s3.eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/small_reza_shayestehpour_Nw_D8v79_PM_4_unsplash_9db6d4b5d5.jpg","hash":"small_reza_shayestehpour_Nw_D8v79_PM_4_unsplash_9db6d4b5d5","mime":"image/jpeg","name":"small_reza-shayestehpour-Nw_D8v79PM4-unsplash.jpg","path":null,"size":21.45,"width":500,"height":375},"medium":{"ext":".jpg","url":"https://goldilocks-images.s3.eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/medium_reza_shayestehpour_Nw_D8v79_PM_4_unsplash_9db6d4b5d5.jpg","hash":"medium_reza_shayestehpour_Nw_D8v79_PM_4_unsplash_9db6d4b5d5","mime":"image/jpeg","name":"medium_reza-shayestehpour-Nw_D8v79PM4-unsplash.jpg","path":null,"size":40.78,"width":750,"height":563},"thumbnail":{"ext":".jpg","url":"https://goldilocks-images.s3.eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/thumbnail_reza_shayestehpour_Nw_D8v79_PM_4_unsplash_9db6d4b5d5.jpg","hash":"thumbnail_reza_shayestehpour_Nw_D8v79_PM_4_unsplash_9db6d4b5d5","mime":"image/jpeg","name":"thumbnail_reza-shayestehpour-Nw_D8v79PM4-unsplash.jpg","path":null,"size":5.9,"width":208,"height":156}},"previewUrl":null}},{"id":567,"name":"šŸ  Phase out landfilling of organic waste","description":"When organic wastes are landfilled, the value and nutrients are lost and irrecoverable. Landfilling also causes additional environmental pressure, for example, the decomposition of food and organic waste in landfills emits greenhouse gases into the climate. Reducing the space required for landfills creates opportunities for better use. \n\nLocal governments have an important role to play in the elimination of the landfilling of organic wastes. Municipalities with the legislative authority to do so can introduce legislation that bans organic wastes from being landfilled and fines non-compliance.\n\nMunicipalities can ensure that municipal organic wastes are collected and diverted from landfill by mandating certain processing techniques, for example, composting or anaerobic digestion. \n \n","properties":{"cost":"low","emissions":"high"},"framework":135,"article":null,"parent":508,"created_at":"2021-08-31T10:30:02.133Z","updated_at":"2022-10-18T11:02:41.301Z","order":null,"icon_alt":null,"summary":null,"icon":{"id":2955,"name":"jacqueline-brandwayn-S8MSj5VzHxQ-unsplash.jpeg","hash":"jacqueline_brandwayn_S8_M_Sj5_Vz_Hx_Q_unsplash_1192e0ab81","sha256":null,"ext":".jpeg","mime":"image/jpeg","size":1008.57,"url":"https://goldilocks-images.s3.eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/jacqueline_brandwayn_S8_M_Sj5_Vz_Hx_Q_unsplash_1192e0ab81.jpeg","provider":"aws-s3","provider_metadata":null,"created_at":"2021-09-09T08:51:56.394Z","updated_at":"2021-09-09T08:51:56.419Z","alternativeText":"","caption":"","width":2448,"height":2448,"formats":{"large":{"ext":".jpeg","url":"https://goldilocks-images.s3.eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/large_jacqueline_brandwayn_S8_M_Sj5_Vz_Hx_Q_unsplash_1192e0ab81.jpeg","hash":"large_jacqueline_brandwayn_S8_M_Sj5_Vz_Hx_Q_unsplash_1192e0ab81","mime":"image/jpeg","name":"large_jacqueline-brandwayn-S8MSj5VzHxQ-unsplash.jpeg","path":null,"size":201.66,"width":1000,"height":1000},"small":{"ext":".jpeg","url":"https://goldilocks-images.s3.eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/small_jacqueline_brandwayn_S8_M_Sj5_Vz_Hx_Q_unsplash_1192e0ab81.jpeg","hash":"small_jacqueline_brandwayn_S8_M_Sj5_Vz_Hx_Q_unsplash_1192e0ab81","mime":"image/jpeg","name":"small_jacqueline-brandwayn-S8MSj5VzHxQ-unsplash.jpeg","path":null,"size":64.35,"width":500,"height":500},"medium":{"ext":".jpeg","url":"https://goldilocks-images.s3.eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/medium_jacqueline_brandwayn_S8_M_Sj5_Vz_Hx_Q_unsplash_1192e0ab81.jpeg","hash":"medium_jacqueline_brandwayn_S8_M_Sj5_Vz_Hx_Q_unsplash_1192e0ab81","mime":"image/jpeg","name":"medium_jacqueline-brandwayn-S8MSj5VzHxQ-unsplash.jpeg","path":null,"size":125.64,"width":750,"height":750},"thumbnail":{"ext":".jpeg","url":"https://goldilocks-images.s3.eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/thumbnail_jacqueline_brandwayn_S8_M_Sj5_Vz_Hx_Q_unsplash_1192e0ab81.jpeg","hash":"thumbnail_jacqueline_brandwayn_S8_M_Sj5_Vz_Hx_Q_unsplash_1192e0ab81","mime":"image/jpeg","name":"thumbnail_jacqueline-brandwayn-S8MSj5VzHxQ-unsplash.jpeg","path":null,"size":9.91,"width":156,"height":156}},"previewUrl":null}},{"id":1192,"name":"šŸ¢  Disassembly, selective deconstruction and demolition of buildings and infrastructure","description":"Buildings and infrastructures often include many types of components and materials used in ways that make disassembly or repurposing difficult. Some of the barriers can be solved by integrating circular concepts over the entire lifecycle of buildings and infrastructures. Flexible and modular design facilitates repurposing in response to changing needs over the life of a building and supports lifetime extension, as modular constructions are often easier to renovate. Design for disassembly (DfD) enables deconstruction instead of demolition at the end of life and recovery of high value components and materials such as doors, flooring, windows and other elements before demolition. Selective demolition, finally, allows to retain the structural integrity of a building while refurbishing it for new uses. These practices not only increase the material reused and value recovered at the end-of-life of buildings, but are often labour-intensive, creating more jobs than conventional demolition. As such, they can spur local innovation and industry, preserve local character and heritage of buildings, while reducing landfill costs and limiting the need for virgin and often carbon-intensive materials.\n\nCity governments can promote the adoption of these practices by providing locally appropriate guidance on flexible and modular design, design for disassembly and selective demolition, and including these principles in their procurement guidelines. They can also enable such practices through end-of-life standards and regulation. Additionally, they can undertake a cost-benefit analysis of deconstruction, building material reuse and DfD in the city compared to demolition and new build. This type of analysis can encourage circular approaches and help cities set targets for construction and demolition, waste minimisation and material reuse in their plans, as well as standardise design for modularity and disassembly. Finally, cities can create enabling conditions for the upscaling of such solutions by supporting digital tools such as material passports and Building Information Modelling (BIM). \nFor these strategies to be successful, the city can take an active role in awareness building and demonstrating circular approaches in city owned buildings. It is also important to involve relevant stakeholders in the planning and implementation of building deconstruction and disassembly. Cities need to involve and support collaboration among representatives of their planning and construction departments, and representatives of property developers, construction companies, neighbourhood groups, deconstruction companies, and recycling and waste management companies.\n","properties":{"cost":"medium","emissions":"high"},"framework":135,"article":null,"parent":520,"created_at":"2022-05-19T09:02:07.919Z","updated_at":"2022-08-09T15:00:03.019Z","order":null,"icon_alt":"Photo by Gene Gallin on Unsplash","summary":null,"icon":{"id":8798,"name":"gene-gallin-E6KM98Q_d4o-unsplash.jpg","hash":"gene_gallin_E6_KM_98_Q_d4o_unsplash_034d13892a","sha256":null,"ext":".jpg","mime":"image/jpeg","size":2380.69,"url":"https://goldilocks-images.s3.eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/gene_gallin_E6_KM_98_Q_d4o_unsplash_034d13892a.jpg","provider":"aws-s3","provider_metadata":null,"created_at":"2022-05-19T09:01:51.359Z","updated_at":"2022-05-19T09:01:51.373Z","alternativeText":"","caption":"","width":4000,"height":3000,"formats":{"large":{"ext":".jpg","url":"https://goldilocks-images.s3.eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/large_gene_gallin_E6_KM_98_Q_d4o_unsplash_034d13892a.jpg","hash":"large_gene_gallin_E6_KM_98_Q_d4o_unsplash_034d13892a","mime":"image/jpeg","name":"large_gene-gallin-E6KM98Q_d4o-unsplash.jpg","path":null,"size":190.38,"width":1000,"height":750},"small":{"ext":".jpg","url":"https://goldilocks-images.s3.eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/small_gene_gallin_E6_KM_98_Q_d4o_unsplash_034d13892a.jpg","hash":"small_gene_gallin_E6_KM_98_Q_d4o_unsplash_034d13892a","mime":"image/jpeg","name":"small_gene-gallin-E6KM98Q_d4o-unsplash.jpg","path":null,"size":54.42,"width":500,"height":375},"medium":{"ext":".jpg","url":"https://goldilocks-images.s3.eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/medium_gene_gallin_E6_KM_98_Q_d4o_unsplash_034d13892a.jpg","hash":"medium_gene_gallin_E6_KM_98_Q_d4o_unsplash_034d13892a","mime":"image/jpeg","name":"medium_gene-gallin-E6KM98Q_d4o-unsplash.jpg","path":null,"size":111.37,"width":750,"height":563},"thumbnail":{"ext":".jpg","url":"https://goldilocks-images.s3.eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/thumbnail_gene_gallin_E6_KM_98_Q_d4o_unsplash_034d13892a.jpg","hash":"thumbnail_gene_gallin_E6_KM_98_Q_d4o_unsplash_034d13892a","mime":"image/jpeg","name":"thumbnail_gene-gallin-E6KM98Q_d4o-unsplash.jpg","path":null,"size":11.6,"width":208,"height":156}},"previewUrl":null}},{"id":520,"name":"Process waste and ensure its re-entry into industry at its highest value","description":"Process waste into valuable industrial inputs or consumer products; distribute processed waste to users.","properties":null,"framework":135,"article":null,"parent":505,"created_at":"2021-03-25T11:32:49.061Z","updated_at":"2022-02-21T15:24:05.322Z","order":3,"icon_alt":null,"summary":null,"icon":null},{"id":828,"name":"āš”  Support local renewable energy cooperatives","description":"As much as 90% of world energy use comes from fossil sources. Meanwhile in 2017, only 0.7% of global energy use derived from solar power and 1.9% from wind ([Statistical Review of World Energy, 2021](https://www.bp.com/en/global/corporate/energy-economics/statistical-review-of-world-energy.html)). Some of the highly contested issues stopping the energy transition from materialising are land requirements and high upfront investment costs. Decentralising renewable energy production through cooperatives could be a solution to both. Local renewable energy cooperatives allow the financial burden of purchasing renewable energy equipment to be spread amongst a voluntary group of people, all while relying less on new land.\n\nCooperatives, then, allow residents without renewable energy potential, perhaps due to lack of space or property rental restrictions, to gain the potential through others. A cooperative project, for instance, may involve a street of houses in which the participants collectively decide to install solar PV panels on the roofs of suitable participating homes, whilst all participants' equally benefit from the renewable electricity production. This enables more people to consume renewable electricity and save on costs. Furthermore, all participants have a democratic say within the decision-making of the project, unlike a traditional electricity utility contract. This type of model can also be applied for microgrids, local biogas installations, gasifiers and other projects.\n\nLocal governments can support and facilitate such initiatives. They can set up a so-called ā€œsupport coalitionā€ that can support experiments, aid cooperative agreements, mobilise resources and provide regulatory support, such as subsidising part of the energy system. Municipalities can also become cooperative members themselves, directly consuming or selling the energy produced and gaining an additional instrument to implement municipal energy policy. 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Reusable containers can be used, washed and reused multiple times to mitigate plastics pollution at its source.\n\nCommonly, the implementation of reusable food and drinks containers relies on a strong collaboration with businesses to adopt such schemes. Yet, local governments can play an important role in promoting and supporting these behaviours. This support can come in a variety of forms, for example, awareness raising campaigns aimed at residents, as well as  promoting businesses that are engaging with reusable food and drink containers. Experimental zones can also be used to test and encourage the use of reusable containers. Local governments can, in partnership with regional and national governments, regulate the use of certain materials and packaging in the city, which incentivises reusable packaging for food and drink.\n\n*Caution: with their often higher per-unit impact when compared with single-use alternatives, implementing reusable container schemes must be balanced with behaviour change away from a throw-away mindset to ensure that these containers are used multiple times, otherwise the expected environmental impact may not be realised. *\n","properties":{"cost":"medium","emissions":"low"},"framework":135,"article":null,"parent":512,"created_at":"2021-08-31T10:40:35.031Z","updated_at":"2022-02-21T15:24:05.322Z","order":null,"icon_alt":null,"summary":null,"icon":{"id":2961,"name":"Reusable food and drink containers _ marta-markes-lfgsLxX17QA-unsplash.jpeg","hash":"Reusable_food_and_drink_containers_marta_markes_lfgs_Lx_X17_QA_unsplash_f2a2611b36","sha256":null,"ext":".jpeg","mime":"image/jpeg","size":1072.03,"url":"https://goldilocks-images.s3.eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/Reusable_food_and_drink_containers_marta_markes_lfgs_Lx_X17_QA_unsplash_f2a2611b36.jpeg","provider":"aws-s3","provider_metadata":null,"created_at":"2021-09-09T09:27:30.835Z","updated_at":"2021-09-09T09:27:30.865Z","alternativeText":"","caption":"","width":5184,"height":3456,"formats":{"large":{"ext":".jpeg","url":"https://goldilocks-images.s3.eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/large_Reusable_food_and_drink_containers_marta_markes_lfgs_Lx_X17_QA_unsplash_f2a2611b36.jpeg","hash":"large_Reusable_food_and_drink_containers_marta_markes_lfgs_Lx_X17_QA_unsplash_f2a2611b36","mime":"image/jpeg","name":"large_Reusable food and drink containers _ marta-markes-lfgsLxX17QA-unsplash.jpeg","path":null,"size":79.97,"width":1000,"height":667},"small":{"ext":".jpeg","url":"https://goldilocks-images.s3.eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/small_Reusable_food_and_drink_containers_marta_markes_lfgs_Lx_X17_QA_unsplash_f2a2611b36.jpeg","hash":"small_Reusable_food_and_drink_containers_marta_markes_lfgs_Lx_X17_QA_unsplash_f2a2611b36","mime":"image/jpeg","name":"small_Reusable food and drink containers _ marta-markes-lfgsLxX17QA-unsplash.jpeg","path":null,"size":28.8,"width":500,"height":333},"medium":{"ext":".jpeg","url":"https://goldilocks-images.s3.eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/medium_Reusable_food_and_drink_containers_marta_markes_lfgs_Lx_X17_QA_unsplash_f2a2611b36.jpeg","hash":"medium_Reusable_food_and_drink_containers_marta_markes_lfgs_Lx_X17_QA_unsplash_f2a2611b36","mime":"image/jpeg","name":"medium_Reusable food and drink containers _ marta-markes-lfgsLxX17QA-unsplash.jpeg","path":null,"size":52.86,"width":750,"height":500},"thumbnail":{"ext":".jpeg","url":"https://goldilocks-images.s3.eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/thumbnail_Reusable_food_and_drink_containers_marta_markes_lfgs_Lx_X17_QA_unsplash_f2a2611b36.jpeg","hash":"thumbnail_Reusable_food_and_drink_containers_marta_markes_lfgs_Lx_X17_QA_unsplash_f2a2611b36","mime":"image/jpeg","name":"thumbnail_Reusable food and drink containers _ marta-markes-lfgsLxX17QA-unsplash.jpeg","path":null,"size":9.54,"width":234,"height":156}},"previewUrl":null}},{"id":509,"name":"Protect and restore local ecosystems","description":"Includes measures that protect and enhance ecosystems and biodiversity both within and beyond city boundaries, as well as actions to restore degraded ecosystems.\n","properties":null,"framework":135,"article":null,"parent":502,"created_at":"2021-03-25T11:25:24.708Z","updated_at":"2022-02-21T15:24:05.322Z","order":1,"icon_alt":null,"summary":null,"icon":null},{"id":510,"name":"Prioritise renewable resources ","description":"Prioritize solutions that use the power of functioning ecosystems as infrastructure to provide natural services to benefit society and the environment; consider nature-based replacements for grey infrastructure.","properties":null,"framework":135,"article":null,"parent":502,"created_at":"2021-03-25T11:25:52.522Z","updated_at":"2022-02-21T15:24:05.322Z","order":3,"icon_alt":null,"summary":null,"icon":null},{"id":570,"name":"šŸ  Edible green infrastructures","description":"Biodiversity is fundamental to maintain the variety of crops and livestock needed to support and preserve ecosystem services that sustain our food system and wellbeing. As cities densify and expand in size, they typically encroach on surrounding biodiverse areas, leading to the progressive degradation of ecosystem services. In turn, this pushes away urban food systems that are dependent on material inputs often sourced outside the urban region. \n\nEdible green infrastructures are solutions that reimagine cities as productive sources of food, can boost local biodiversity as well as foster social cohesion. These infrastructures can take a variety of forms and are inspired by nature, for example, planting edible trees and plants throughout a city which are free to pick for residents.\n\nLocal governments can promote investments in edible green infrastructures (strategically planned multi-scale networks of different kinds of urban green and blue spaces) to create new biodiverse and productive spaces within the urban region, as well as rehabilitating polluted lands to improve soil health and productivity. Urban and spatial planning can also be used to permit these infrastructures, as well as enable residents to create their own. 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A sprawling city covering large areas with wide highways and no bike lanes discourages cycling and increases dependence on private vehicles, which contribute significantly to resource demand and GHG emissions. Meanwhile, a more compact city with mixed use developments, accessible public transport and extensive and appealing pedestrian and cycle networks enables and encourages walking, cycling and other non-motorised, low-carbon forms of mobility. Combined with urban planning that incentivises higher densities along major public transport routes, transit-oriented development can help to slow the outward expansion of cities into the surrounding countryside. \n\nCompact city planning can help local communities build and create more efficient, safe and viable cities. This concept includes ideas such as the 15-minute city or ā€˜complete neighbourhoodsā€™, whereby all of the basic needs and services of a resident can be accessed within 15 minutes by walking, cycling or public transport. This concept has also attracted attention as a way to reduce inequality by ensuring that all neighbourhoods have access to affordable mobility options.\n\nLocal governments can support the development of compact and low-carbon cities by integrating such concepts into the cityā€™s urban plans, and ensuring that all residents are easily able to conduct their day-to-day lives using non-motorised or public transport. Cities can also ensure that necessary and facilitating infrastructure is provided, such as cycle lanes, pedestrianised areas and public transport options, to enable the shift away from dependency on personal vehicles.\n","properties":{"cost":"medium","emissions":"high"},"framework":135,"article":null,"parent":507,"created_at":"2021-12-03T11:45:42.085Z","updated_at":"2022-10-18T11:01:20.500Z","order":null,"icon_alt":"Photo by Miguel IbƔƱez on Unsplash","summary":null,"icon":{"id":4472,"name":"miguel-ibanez-7vfLQTWpA4g-unsplash (1).jpg","hash":"miguel_ibanez_7vf_LQT_Wp_A4g_unsplash_1_2682527277","sha256":null,"ext":".jpg","mime":"image/jpeg","size":4012.54,"url":"https://goldilocks-images.s3.eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/miguel_ibanez_7vf_LQT_Wp_A4g_unsplash_1_2682527277.jpg","provider":"aws-s3","provider_metadata":null,"created_at":"2021-12-03T11:45:00.880Z","updated_at":"2021-12-03T11:45:00.905Z","alternativeText":"","caption":"","width":4928,"height":3276,"formats":{"large":{"ext":".jpg","url":"https://goldilocks-images.s3.eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/large_miguel_ibanez_7vf_LQT_Wp_A4g_unsplash_1_2682527277.jpg","hash":"large_miguel_ibanez_7vf_LQT_Wp_A4g_unsplash_1_2682527277","mime":"image/jpeg","name":"large_miguel-ibanez-7vfLQTWpA4g-unsplash (1).jpg","path":null,"size":122.19,"width":1000,"height":665},"small":{"ext":".jpg","url":"https://goldilocks-images.s3.eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/small_miguel_ibanez_7vf_LQT_Wp_A4g_unsplash_1_2682527277.jpg","hash":"small_miguel_ibanez_7vf_LQT_Wp_A4g_unsplash_1_2682527277","mime":"image/jpeg","name":"small_miguel-ibanez-7vfLQTWpA4g-unsplash (1).jpg","path":null,"size":37.46,"width":500,"height":332},"medium":{"ext":".jpg","url":"https://goldilocks-images.s3.eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/medium_miguel_ibanez_7vf_LQT_Wp_A4g_unsplash_1_2682527277.jpg","hash":"medium_miguel_ibanez_7vf_LQT_Wp_A4g_unsplash_1_2682527277","mime":"image/jpeg","name":"medium_miguel-ibanez-7vfLQTWpA4g-unsplash (1).jpg","path":null,"size":73.61,"width":750,"height":499},"thumbnail":{"ext":".jpg","url":"https://goldilocks-images.s3.eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/thumbnail_miguel_ibanez_7vf_LQT_Wp_A4g_unsplash_1_2682527277.jpg","hash":"thumbnail_miguel_ibanez_7vf_LQT_Wp_A4g_unsplash_1_2682527277","mime":"image/jpeg","name":"thumbnail_miguel-ibanez-7vfLQTWpA4g-unsplash (1).jpg","path":null,"size":11.45,"width":235,"height":156}},"previewUrl":null}},{"id":668,"name":"šŸ‘•šŸ“±  Public advertising to support circular behaviour","description":"In recent decades, the advertising industry has played a significant role in building demand for consumption. By tapping into the psychology of residents, advertising campaigns are designed to build desire for new products and remind people to consume more throughout their daily routines. Many cities generate revenue from selling advertising space in well used public places such as bus stops, trains and squares. For many cities, it has become a part of the urban landscape. \n\nWhile public advertising may seem ubiquitous, many cities are exercising a degree of control over what is advertised and where to protect the public interest. For example, some cities are placing controls on the advertising of junk food to safeguard citizen health, and others have banned the promotion of air travel to reduce demand for emission-intensive holidays. Cities can, instead, use public advertising to promote circular economy initiatives within the city, such as ā€˜libraries of thingsā€™, second hand stores, repair cafes, or reuse hubs. 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These patterns of unsustainable consumption lead to many consumer goods being thrown away after only a short time, while still being perfectly usable. \n\nSecond-hand markets can present a tangible solution to support the reuse of consumer goods. Second-hand markets can provide a physical location to collect and offer consumer goods that are repaired, repurposed, reused. Consumer goods can range from furniture, to electronics, to clothing, and other consumer goods. Second-hand markets can even go as far as becoming a fully circular shopping centre, offering access to all different types of consumer goods. What is more, second-hand markets and supporting repair activities can be connected throughout a city to form a network to enable access to such goods and services throughout the entirety of a city. \n\nLocal governments can support the development of circular centres by providing both financial and in-kind support, and zoning particular areas for experimentation, repair and resale. 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Often, urban logistics and freight vehicles commonly carry loads that are below full capacity, since much of urban logistics is centred around the last- or first- mile which has a strong preference for speed and convenience. This therefore means that more vehicles are on the streets, contributing to increased emissions, congestion and air pollution in urban areas. \n\nOptimisation of urban logistics systems can reduce the total quantities of vehicles on the roads and associated emissions and congestion. In addition to this, cities that are intrinsically linked to a port can optimise the incoming freight, the logistics of unloading, before such loads enter the urban mobility system. One such example is shared logistics systems that pool resources intelligently via digital systems that can match available load capacity with demand to minimise the total quantity of kilometres travelled and the number of vehicles required. 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Biosolids from wastewater can be used as fuel for heating, replacing fossil fuels and reducing the amount of biosolids sent to landfill. \n\nLocal governments have an important role to play in providing pipes, water management and treatment infrastructure to ensure that water is safely handled. They can also play a role in monitoring privately run facilities to ensure compliance with environmental performance standards. 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These patterns of unsustainable consumption lead to many consumer goods being thrown away after only a small amount of time, while perfectly usable.\n\nReuse hubs and networks can present a tangible solution to support the reuse of consumer goods. Reuse hubs provide a physical location to collect and offer consumer goods that are repaired, repurposed, reused. Consumer goods could range from furniture, to electronics, to clothing, and other consumer goods. Reuse hubs could even go as far as becoming a fully circular shopping centre, offering access to all different types of consumer goods. What is more, reuse hubs and supporting repair activities can be connected throughout a city to form a network to enable access to such goods and services throughout the entirety of a city. \n\nLocal governments can support the development of reuse hubs by providing both financial and in-kind support, zoning particular areas for experimentation and reuse. Local governments can also play a key role in connecting existing activities throughout the city. Whatā€™s more, local governments can play a key role in promoting reuse and repair activities throughout a city to reduce marketing costs of these businesses and raise awareness for residents. Local governments may also stimulate skills development and make training available to repair and reuse organisations.\n","properties":{"cost":"medium","emissions":"high"},"framework":135,"article":null,"parent":513,"created_at":"2021-10-29T15:26:39.185Z","updated_at":"2022-05-23T16:09:33.557Z","order":null,"icon_alt":null,"summary":null,"icon":{"id":3523,"name":"_mg_2714.jpeg","hash":"mg_2714_8462b7aa5b","sha256":null,"ext":".jpeg","mime":"image/jpeg","size":2834.9,"url":"https://goldilocks-images.s3.eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/mg_2714_8462b7aa5b.jpeg","provider":"aws-s3","provider_metadata":null,"created_at":"2021-10-29T15:26:31.155Z","updated_at":"2021-10-29T15:26:31.175Z","alternativeText":"","caption":"","width":5760,"height":3840,"formats":{"large":{"ext":".jpeg","url":"https://goldilocks-images.s3.eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/large_mg_2714_8462b7aa5b.jpeg","hash":"large_mg_2714_8462b7aa5b","mime":"image/jpeg","name":"large__mg_2714.jpeg","path":null,"size":150.61,"width":1000,"height":667},"small":{"ext":".jpeg","url":"https://goldilocks-images.s3.eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/small_mg_2714_8462b7aa5b.jpeg","hash":"small_mg_2714_8462b7aa5b","mime":"image/jpeg","name":"small__mg_2714.jpeg","path":null,"size":46.15,"width":500,"height":333},"medium":{"ext":".jpeg","url":"https://goldilocks-images.s3.eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/medium_mg_2714_8462b7aa5b.jpeg","hash":"medium_mg_2714_8462b7aa5b","mime":"image/jpeg","name":"medium__mg_2714.jpeg","path":null,"size":94.33,"width":750,"height":500},"thumbnail":{"ext":".jpeg","url":"https://goldilocks-images.s3.eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/thumbnail_mg_2714_8462b7aa5b.jpeg","hash":"thumbnail_mg_2714_8462b7aa5b","mime":"image/jpeg","name":"thumbnail__mg_2714.jpeg","path":null,"size":12.49,"width":234,"height":156}},"previewUrl":null}},{"id":1290,"name":"āš” Circular and resource-efficient business innovations","description":"Circular solutions do not occur by themselves, they require innovative businesses, multi-stakeholder collaboration and an enabling regulatory environment.\n\nCircular and resource-efficient ecosystems are networks of local entrepreneurs and initiatives that innovate circular products and services. Such innovations can support the development of new and circular energy systems. The benefit of these ecosystems is that they encourage close collaboration of multiple businesses so that they can mutually benefit from each other. Another advantage is the potential to gain increased exposure to both investors and consumers through being part of a larger system.\n\nLocal governments can support the creation of such ecosystems by, for example, providing rent-free access to the facilities and locations for entrepreneurs and initiatives that are developing circular innovations. Cities can increase their influence even further by establishing their own incubator or accelerator programs in which they support a cohort of businesses with promising innovative business models. Simultaneously they can stimulate these, and other, businesses by incorporating their goods and services in their public procurement strategy. Furthermore, they can help the businesses gain exposure by showcasing them at city-level events both domestically and abroad.","properties":{"cost":"medium","emissions":"low"},"framework":135,"article":null,"parent":516,"created_at":"2022-07-26T11:11:01.457Z","updated_at":"2022-08-09T14:43:31.210Z","order":null,"icon_alt":"Photo by Annie Spratt on Unsplash","summary":null,"icon":{"id":12393,"name":"Image1.jpg","hash":"Image1_0dbd5356b9","sha256":null,"ext":".jpg","mime":"image/jpeg","size":9.21,"url":"https://goldilocks-images.s3.eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/Image1_0dbd5356b9.jpg","provider":"aws-s3","provider_metadata":null,"created_at":"2022-07-26T11:02:43.072Z","updated_at":"2022-07-26T11:02:43.103Z","alternativeText":"","caption":"","width":232,"height":153,"formats":null,"previewUrl":null}},{"id":534,"name":"šŸ  Redistribute food surplus","description":"When edible food is wasted, this wastes not only the food product itself, but also all of the energy, resources and emissions that were required to produce the food. \n\nSurplus food from food services, manufacturing, and retail operations should be used at its highest and best value. Platforms (both on- and offline) can help to connect surplus food between, for example, households, retail, food services and manufacturing. This may result in increased revenues for businesses, and lower landfill costs. \n\nRedistributing food surplus is not a solution to address the root causes of food insecurity, and establishing reliance on this stream by vulnerable communities can bring problems in the future. Nevertheless, food surplus may in some instances be appropriately redirected to social enterprises, for example, food banks.  \n\nLocal governments may work with local businesses who link surplus food from restaurants and supermarkets to edible reuse by citizens. Other businesses may process and redirect food streams to animals who can in turn feed on it. Awareness raising, platforms, and dedicated space in the city can support these operations.\n","properties":{"cost":"medium","emissions":"medium"},"framework":135,"article":null,"parent":513,"created_at":"2021-08-24T07:58:59.157Z","updated_at":"2022-02-21T15:24:05.322Z","order":null,"icon_alt":null,"summary":null,"icon":{"id":2952,"name":"Redistribute food surplus _ joel-muniz-3k3l2brxmwQ-unsplash.jpeg","hash":"Redistribute_food_surplus_joel_muniz_3k3l2brxmw_Q_unsplash_4bd5c71f2b","sha256":null,"ext":".jpeg","mime":"image/jpeg","size":1374.14,"url":"https://goldilocks-images.s3.eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/Redistribute_food_surplus_joel_muniz_3k3l2brxmw_Q_unsplash_4bd5c71f2b.jpeg","provider":"aws-s3","provider_metadata":null,"created_at":"2021-09-09T08:40:33.441Z","updated_at":"2021-09-09T08:40:33.468Z","alternativeText":"","caption":"","width":5472,"height":3648,"formats":{"large":{"ext":".jpeg","url":"https://goldilocks-images.s3.eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/large_Redistribute_food_surplus_joel_muniz_3k3l2brxmw_Q_unsplash_4bd5c71f2b.jpeg","hash":"large_Redistribute_food_surplus_joel_muniz_3k3l2brxmw_Q_unsplash_4bd5c71f2b","mime":"image/jpeg","name":"large_Redistribute food surplus _ joel-muniz-3k3l2brxmwQ-unsplash.jpeg","path":null,"size":83.31,"width":1000,"height":667},"small":{"ext":".jpeg","url":"https://goldilocks-images.s3.eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/small_Redistribute_food_surplus_joel_muniz_3k3l2brxmw_Q_unsplash_4bd5c71f2b.jpeg","hash":"small_Redistribute_food_surplus_joel_muniz_3k3l2brxmw_Q_unsplash_4bd5c71f2b","mime":"image/jpeg","name":"small_Redistribute food surplus _ joel-muniz-3k3l2brxmwQ-unsplash.jpeg","path":null,"size":31.21,"width":500,"height":333},"medium":{"ext":".jpeg","url":"https://goldilocks-images.s3.eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/medium_Redistribute_food_surplus_joel_muniz_3k3l2brxmw_Q_unsplash_4bd5c71f2b.jpeg","hash":"medium_Redistribute_food_surplus_joel_muniz_3k3l2brxmw_Q_unsplash_4bd5c71f2b","mime":"image/jpeg","name":"medium_Redistribute food surplus _ joel-muniz-3k3l2brxmwQ-unsplash.jpeg","path":null,"size":55.68,"width":750,"height":500},"thumbnail":{"ext":".jpeg","url":"https://goldilocks-images.s3.eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/thumbnail_Redistribute_food_surplus_joel_muniz_3k3l2brxmw_Q_unsplash_4bd5c71f2b.jpeg","hash":"thumbnail_Redistribute_food_surplus_joel_muniz_3k3l2brxmw_Q_unsplash_4bd5c71f2b","mime":"image/jpeg","name":"thumbnail_Redistribute food surplus _ joel-muniz-3k3l2brxmwQ-unsplash.jpeg","path":null,"size":10.83,"width":234,"height":156}},"previewUrl":null}},{"id":927,"name":"šŸšŒ  Cycled materials for mobility infrastructure","description":"Globally, 13% of global resources consumed relate to mobility. This includes transport infrastructure, from roads, to rail, to cycle routes ([Ellen MacArthur Foundation](https://ellenmacarthurfoundation.org/circular-economy-opportunity-and-benefit-factsheets)). Virgin materials sourced to build mobility infrastructure often include cement and asphalt, which are responsible for a significant portion of global greenhouse gas emissions (cementā€”a constituent component of concreteā€”is responsible for an estimated 8% of global greenhouse gas emissions) ([BBC](https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/science-environment-46455844)). \n\nThe materials that are required for the construction of transport infrastructure can be sourced from residual materials, to offset the demand for virgin resources. Construction techniques that utilise residual material are often less intensive in relation to greenhouse gas emissions, and can help to lower the material footprint of mobility infrastructure. A range of residual materials can be used within mobility infrastructure. These can come from conventional materials, such as cycled concrete and other stones and aggregate. As well as other residual materials such as plastics and rubber from end of life tyres. \n\nLocal governments can support the cycling of materials for mobility infrastructure by mandating a certain proportion of recycled material input in tenders for new developments or renovations of existing infrastructure. For example, criteria could stipulate that all residual materials within renovations must be cycled back into the project, for example as aggregate. Alternatively, criteria could stipulate a minimum proportion of material inputs from cycled sources, or ban the landfilling of certain residual materials. Collaboration and engagement with local businesses can help local governments to identify the most appropriate criteria that the local market is able to satisfy, and support the most effective transition towards a more circular economy. \n","properties":{"cost":"medium","emissions":"medium"},"framework":135,"article":null,"parent":520,"created_at":"2021-12-05T13:02:30.148Z","updated_at":"2022-02-21T15:24:05.322Z","order":null,"icon_alt":"Photo by Andrew Kliatskyi on Unsplash","summary":null,"icon":{"id":4540,"name":"andrew-kliatskyi-P46Fz8onsbs-unsplash.jpg","hash":"andrew_kliatskyi_P46_Fz8onsbs_unsplash_e7e540cec6","sha256":null,"ext":".jpg","mime":"image/jpeg","size":5521.92,"url":"https://goldilocks-images.s3.eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/andrew_kliatskyi_P46_Fz8onsbs_unsplash_e7e540cec6.jpg","provider":"aws-s3","provider_metadata":null,"created_at":"2021-12-05T13:02:21.746Z","updated_at":"2021-12-05T13:02:21.761Z","alternativeText":"","caption":"","width":4000,"height":6000,"formats":{"large":{"ext":".jpg","url":"https://goldilocks-images.s3.eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/large_andrew_kliatskyi_P46_Fz8onsbs_unsplash_e7e540cec6.jpg","hash":"large_andrew_kliatskyi_P46_Fz8onsbs_unsplash_e7e540cec6","mime":"image/jpeg","name":"large_andrew-kliatskyi-P46Fz8onsbs-unsplash.jpg","path":null,"size":160.67,"width":667,"height":1000},"small":{"ext":".jpg","url":"https://goldilocks-images.s3.eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/small_andrew_kliatskyi_P46_Fz8onsbs_unsplash_e7e540cec6.jpg","hash":"small_andrew_kliatskyi_P46_Fz8onsbs_unsplash_e7e540cec6","mime":"image/jpeg","name":"small_andrew-kliatskyi-P46Fz8onsbs-unsplash.jpg","path":null,"size":47.84,"width":333,"height":500},"medium":{"ext":".jpg","url":"https://goldilocks-images.s3.eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/medium_andrew_kliatskyi_P46_Fz8onsbs_unsplash_e7e540cec6.jpg","hash":"medium_andrew_kliatskyi_P46_Fz8onsbs_unsplash_e7e540cec6","mime":"image/jpeg","name":"medium_andrew-kliatskyi-P46Fz8onsbs-unsplash.jpg","path":null,"size":93.22,"width":500,"height":750},"thumbnail":{"ext":".jpg","url":"https://goldilocks-images.s3.eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/thumbnail_andrew_kliatskyi_P46_Fz8onsbs_unsplash_e7e540cec6.jpg","hash":"thumbnail_andrew_kliatskyi_P46_Fz8onsbs_unsplash_e7e540cec6","mime":"image/jpeg","name":"thumbnail_andrew-kliatskyi-P46Fz8onsbs-unsplash.jpg","path":null,"size":7.81,"width":104,"height":156}},"previewUrl":null}},{"id":533,"name":"šŸ  Circular public procurement of food products and services","description":"Local governments can act as the first movers, and accelerate the transition towards a more circular food system through integrating circular criteria into public procurement policies for food. Purchasing decisions by local governments, -such as buying food for canteens in municipal offices and schools-, have a large economic influence in the region, and create important market demand for circular businesses and products.\n\nCriteria within public procurement could, for example, prioritise regionally and organically produced foods, encourage the use of recyclable packaging and assess food waste prevention. Low-carbon and plant-based menus could also be developed. Used strategically, public procurement can be used to drive innovation in the sector to meet these circular demands,for example, new circular cultivation techniques and technologies, and low-impact food and packaging products.\n","properties":{"cost":"medium","emissions":"medium"},"framework":135,"article":null,"parent":508,"created_at":"2021-08-24T07:56:30.172Z","updated_at":"2022-10-18T11:02:41.301Z","order":null,"icon_alt":null,"summary":null,"icon":{"id":2687,"name":"procurement.jpeg","hash":"procurement_5f80c83ef2","sha256":null,"ext":".jpeg","mime":"image/jpeg","size":18.75,"url":"https://goldilocks-images.s3.eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/procurement_5f80c83ef2.jpeg","provider":"aws-s3","provider_metadata":null,"created_at":"2021-08-24T08:07:13.012Z","updated_at":"2021-08-24T08:07:13.042Z","alternativeText":"","caption":"","width":500,"height":375,"formats":{"thumbnail":{"ext":".jpeg","url":"https://goldilocks-images.s3.eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/thumbnail_procurement_5f80c83ef2.jpeg","hash":"thumbnail_procurement_5f80c83ef2","mime":"image/jpeg","name":"thumbnail_procurement.jpeg","path":null,"size":6.18,"width":208,"height":156}},"previewUrl":null}},{"id":538,"name":"šŸ  šŸ’§  Biogas from organic materials","description":"Residual organic and food wastes can offer a quasi-renewable and low-carbon source of energy. By processing organic wastes, often under high temperatures, pressures and in the absence of oxygen, organic wastes can be transformed into fuels, which can be used for heating, electricity generation, as well as transportation. A variety of technologies have been developed to generate biogas from organic materials, for example, anaerobic digestion. Such facilities can vary in scale from single units that can process the waste of a single building or neighbourhood, to large-scale facilities that can process the majority of the organic wastes generated from the entire city. \n\nCities have a key role to support the utilisation of organic materials as biofuels due to their close oversight and influence on the urban waste management system. In particular, cities can support the financing of large-scale facilities to help to overcome the investment costs, as well as develop relationships with businesses to operate such facilities. \n","properties":{"cost":"medium","emissions":"medium"},"framework":135,"article":null,"parent":520,"created_at":"2021-08-24T08:03:32.135Z","updated_at":"2022-02-21T15:24:05.322Z","order":null,"icon_alt":null,"summary":null,"icon":{"id":2963,"name":"biogas - marra-rwjz0jBZPqs-unsplash.jpeg","hash":"biogas_marra_rwjz0j_BZ_Pqs_unsplash_9065b7d74e","sha256":null,"ext":".jpeg","mime":"image/jpeg","size":798.16,"url":"https://goldilocks-images.s3.eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/biogas_marra_rwjz0j_BZ_Pqs_unsplash_9065b7d74e.jpeg","provider":"aws-s3","provider_metadata":null,"created_at":"2021-09-09T09:39:46.782Z","updated_at":"2021-09-09T09:39:46.806Z","alternativeText":"","caption":"","width":4272,"height":2848,"formats":{"large":{"ext":".jpeg","url":"https://goldilocks-images.s3.eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/large_biogas_marra_rwjz0j_BZ_Pqs_unsplash_9065b7d74e.jpeg","hash":"large_biogas_marra_rwjz0j_BZ_Pqs_unsplash_9065b7d74e","mime":"image/jpeg","name":"large_biogas - marra-rwjz0jBZPqs-unsplash.jpeg","path":null,"size":67.57,"width":1000,"height":667},"small":{"ext":".jpeg","url":"https://goldilocks-images.s3.eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/small_biogas_marra_rwjz0j_BZ_Pqs_unsplash_9065b7d74e.jpeg","hash":"small_biogas_marra_rwjz0j_BZ_Pqs_unsplash_9065b7d74e","mime":"image/jpeg","name":"small_biogas - marra-rwjz0jBZPqs-unsplash.jpeg","path":null,"size":21.34,"width":500,"height":333},"medium":{"ext":".jpeg","url":"https://goldilocks-images.s3.eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/medium_biogas_marra_rwjz0j_BZ_Pqs_unsplash_9065b7d74e.jpeg","hash":"medium_biogas_marra_rwjz0j_BZ_Pqs_unsplash_9065b7d74e","mime":"image/jpeg","name":"medium_biogas - marra-rwjz0jBZPqs-unsplash.jpeg","path":null,"size":42.16,"width":750,"height":500},"thumbnail":{"ext":".jpeg","url":"https://goldilocks-images.s3.eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/thumbnail_biogas_marra_rwjz0j_BZ_Pqs_unsplash_9065b7d74e.jpeg","hash":"thumbnail_biogas_marra_rwjz0j_BZ_Pqs_unsplash_9065b7d74e","mime":"image/jpeg","name":"thumbnail_biogas - marra-rwjz0jBZPqs-unsplash.jpeg","path":null,"size":6.76,"width":234,"height":156}},"previewUrl":null}},{"id":829,"name":"āš”  Harnessing renewable energy from natural processes","description":"Cities consume about 75% of global energy and emit between 50% and 60% of global greenhouse gases ([UN-Habitat](https://unhabitat.org/topic/energy)). To reduce the negative impact of their energy consumption, cities need to shift away from fossil fuels and move towards renewable energy sources. Such a shift will help cities work towards their climate change mitigation and adaptation action plans. Renewable energy technologies such as wind, water, solar, and geothermal can also help improve access to energy in vulnerable and marginalised neighbourhoods through, for example, decentralised, off-grid solutions.\n\nRenewable energy technologies can harvest the energy in natureā€™s processes, such as wind, and solar radiation and geothermal heat, that can be replenished within a human lifespan. In contrast, fossil fuels are materials that are not replenished within a human lifespan and are combusted for energy, losing the fuel material and resulting in emissions. \n\nLocal governments can develop sustainable energy plans, considering different energy resources and requirements, to develop a robust strategy for the development of renewable energy technologies and infrastructure throughout the city. They can also institute specific legislation and tax systems to regulate energy production and consumption, incentivise research and development of cleaner, more efficient technologies. Via Power Purchase Agreements cities can buy renewable energy from green energy providers and fix the price in order to provide security to financial institutions to finance renewable energy infrastructure. Furthermore, increasing awareness and facilitating capacity-building on planning urban sustainable energy projects can help the uptake of clean energy across the city by different stakeholdersā€”from citizens to businesses and institutions. Facilitating collaboration, then, will be crucial, since private companies operate most of the worldā€™s energy systems.\n","properties":{"cost":"high","emissions":"high"},"framework":135,"article":null,"parent":510,"created_at":"2021-12-02T10:57:20.195Z","updated_at":"2022-02-21T15:24:05.322Z","order":null,"icon_alt":"Photo by Gonz DDL on Unsplash","summary":null,"icon":{"id":4406,"name":"gonz-ddl-a1Lm99Kkqtg-unsplash (1).jpg","hash":"gonz_ddl_a1_Lm99_Kkqtg_unsplash_1_71532e589f","sha256":null,"ext":".jpg","mime":"image/jpeg","size":1525.85,"url":"https://goldilocks-images.s3.eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/gonz_ddl_a1_Lm99_Kkqtg_unsplash_1_71532e589f.jpg","provider":"aws-s3","provider_metadata":null,"created_at":"2021-12-02T10:56:00.479Z","updated_at":"2021-12-02T10:56:00.501Z","alternativeText":"","caption":"","width":2730,"height":3640,"formats":{"large":{"ext":".jpg","url":"https://goldilocks-images.s3.eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/large_gonz_ddl_a1_Lm99_Kkqtg_unsplash_1_71532e589f.jpg","hash":"large_gonz_ddl_a1_Lm99_Kkqtg_unsplash_1_71532e589f","mime":"image/jpeg","name":"large_gonz-ddl-a1Lm99Kkqtg-unsplash (1).jpg","path":null,"size":86.1,"width":750,"height":1000},"small":{"ext":".jpg","url":"https://goldilocks-images.s3.eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/small_gonz_ddl_a1_Lm99_Kkqtg_unsplash_1_71532e589f.jpg","hash":"small_gonz_ddl_a1_Lm99_Kkqtg_unsplash_1_71532e589f","mime":"image/jpeg","name":"small_gonz-ddl-a1Lm99Kkqtg-unsplash (1).jpg","path":null,"size":24.05,"width":375,"height":500},"medium":{"ext":".jpg","url":"https://goldilocks-images.s3.eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/medium_gonz_ddl_a1_Lm99_Kkqtg_unsplash_1_71532e589f.jpg","hash":"medium_gonz_ddl_a1_Lm99_Kkqtg_unsplash_1_71532e589f","mime":"image/jpeg","name":"medium_gonz-ddl-a1Lm99Kkqtg-unsplash (1).jpg","path":null,"size":49.14,"width":563,"height":750},"thumbnail":{"ext":".jpg","url":"https://goldilocks-images.s3.eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/thumbnail_gonz_ddl_a1_Lm99_Kkqtg_unsplash_1_71532e589f.jpg","hash":"thumbnail_gonz_ddl_a1_Lm99_Kkqtg_unsplash_1_71532e589f","mime":"image/jpeg","name":"thumbnail_gonz-ddl-a1Lm99Kkqtg-unsplash (1).jpg","path":null,"size":3.87,"width":117,"height":156}},"previewUrl":null}},{"id":830,"name":"āš”  Energy efficiency improvement programmes","description":"Energy efficiency means to use less energy to perform a functionā€”that is, eliminating energy waste, a core strategy in a circular economy. Since 2015, global improvements in energy efficiency have been declining. Reversing this trend will be needed to achieve global climate and sustainability goals. Indeed, energy efficiency could deliver more than 40% of the reduction in global energy-related greenhouse gas emissions over the next 20 years ([IEA](https://www.iea.org/topics/energy-efficiency)). In addition to reducing greenhouse gas emissions, energy efficiency can also help reduce energy extraction and imports and bring cost savings for households and industries.\n\nEnergy efficiency can be applied to a range of sectors, such as in buildings, energy generation, industry and mobility ([EESI](https://www.eesi.org/topics/energy-efficiency/description)). In buildings, energy efficiency can lead to the creation of zero-energy buildings. In regards to power generation, energy efficiency could mean smart grids for electric generation, distribution, and consumption. For mobility, energy efficiency could mean vehicles that require less fuel to cover the same distance as well as better rail and truck transportation. \n\nCities can create energy efficiency programmes that involve both the public and private sector. Actions involving the private sector can be implemented in various forms, such as: regulations (e.g. setting energy efficiency standards in buildings), incentivisation (subsidising energy saving products) and informative campaigns (encouraging energy efficient behaviours). Actions involving the public sector may also be implemented in various forms, such as: public procurement standards (e.g. energy efficient power generation equipment), retrofitting public buildings (e.g. improving insulation) and upgrading energy inefficient infrastructure (e.g. replacing lighting with more energy efficient alternatives such as LED street lighting). These programmes generally have goals and timelines in which the actions are intended to be taken.\n","properties":{"cost":"medium","emissions":"high"},"framework":135,"article":null,"parent":515,"created_at":"2021-12-02T11:45:14.304Z","updated_at":"2022-02-21T15:24:05.322Z","order":null,"icon_alt":"Photo by Charles Deluvio on Unsplash","summary":null,"icon":{"id":4409,"name":"charles-deluvio-qJa6WDmRNwM-unsplash.jpg","hash":"charles_deluvio_q_Ja6_W_Dm_R_Nw_M_unsplash_fb39ee4b04","sha256":null,"ext":".jpg","mime":"image/jpeg","size":2170.63,"url":"https://goldilocks-images.s3.eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/charles_deluvio_q_Ja6_W_Dm_R_Nw_M_unsplash_fb39ee4b04.jpg","provider":"aws-s3","provider_metadata":null,"created_at":"2021-12-02T11:44:06.438Z","updated_at":"2021-12-02T11:44:07.201Z","alternativeText":"","caption":"","width":3648,"height":5472,"formats":{"large":{"ext":".jpg","url":"https://goldilocks-images.s3.eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/large_charles_deluvio_q_Ja6_W_Dm_R_Nw_M_unsplash_fb39ee4b04.jpg","hash":"large_charles_deluvio_q_Ja6_W_Dm_R_Nw_M_unsplash_fb39ee4b04","mime":"image/jpeg","name":"large_charles-deluvio-qJa6WDmRNwM-unsplash.jpg","path":null,"size":75.76,"width":667,"height":1000},"small":{"ext":".jpg","url":"https://goldilocks-images.s3.eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/small_charles_deluvio_q_Ja6_W_Dm_R_Nw_M_unsplash_fb39ee4b04.jpg","hash":"small_charles_deluvio_q_Ja6_W_Dm_R_Nw_M_unsplash_fb39ee4b04","mime":"image/jpeg","name":"small_charles-deluvio-qJa6WDmRNwM-unsplash.jpg","path":null,"size":24.92,"width":333,"height":500},"medium":{"ext":".jpg","url":"https://goldilocks-images.s3.eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/medium_charles_deluvio_q_Ja6_W_Dm_R_Nw_M_unsplash_fb39ee4b04.jpg","hash":"medium_charles_deluvio_q_Ja6_W_Dm_R_Nw_M_unsplash_fb39ee4b04","mime":"image/jpeg","name":"medium_charles-deluvio-qJa6WDmRNwM-unsplash.jpg","path":null,"size":47.82,"width":500,"height":750},"thumbnail":{"ext":".jpg","url":"https://goldilocks-images.s3.eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/thumbnail_charles_deluvio_q_Ja6_W_Dm_R_Nw_M_unsplash_fb39ee4b04.jpg","hash":"thumbnail_charles_deluvio_q_Ja6_W_Dm_R_Nw_M_unsplash_fb39ee4b04","mime":"image/jpeg","name":"thumbnail_charles-deluvio-qJa6WDmRNwM-unsplash.jpg","path":null,"size":4.23,"width":104,"height":156}},"previewUrl":null}},{"id":514,"name":"Design and regulate for extended use","description":"Incorporate extended use in project planning phases; create or update city policies to allow for extended use.","properties":null,"framework":135,"article":null,"parent":503,"created_at":"2021-03-25T11:28:19.693Z","updated_at":"2022-02-21T15:24:05.322Z","order":1,"icon_alt":null,"summary":null,"icon":null},{"id":962,"name":"šŸ’§  Improving water infrastructure efficiency","description":"One of the greatest challenges of a city is to provide its inhabitants with safe, clean water from a limited fresh water supply. Improving the cityā€™s water infrastructure efficiency, such as minimising leakages, reduces the strain put on the limited supply, which in turn, helps to ensure inhabitants gain access to clean and affordable water.\n\nThe water infrastructure of a city typically consists of components such as surface water diversions, wells, pumps, transmission pipes and canals, treatment and storage facilities, and distribution network elements ([Burian et al.](https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B9780123847034005098)). Options for improving the efficiency of the system include investing in water loss reduction systems, creating and following a regular maintenance program, and better matching water supply and demand ([Global Water Partnership](http://www.cawater-info.net/policybriefs/pdf/tec_brief_4_water_efficiency.pdf)).\n\nCities can improve the efficiency of their water system infrastructure by conducting a water audit, in which all water flows are traced and losses in the system are identified to map where the most efficiency improvements can be gained. Alongside this, asset management can be used to create a short-term and long-term strategy of investing in new equipment, refurbishing existing equipment and developing maintenance programmes to ensure infrastructure is as efficient as possible, and leaks are minimised. Such management programmes create financial transparency amongst all stakeholders and provide useful long-term planning for larger infrastructure changes ([US EPA](https://www.epa.gov/sustainable-water-infrastructure/things-local-officials-should-do-sustainable-water-infrastructure)).","properties":{"cost":"medium","emissions":"medium"},"framework":135,"article":null,"parent":515,"created_at":"2021-12-20T10:27:57.441Z","updated_at":"2022-02-21T15:24:05.322Z","order":null,"icon_alt":"Photo by U.S. Department of Agriculture on Flickr","summary":null,"icon":{"id":5199,"name":"17028164117_0fb5257122_k.jpg","hash":"17028164117_0fb5257122_k_e685c0a1c3","sha256":null,"ext":".jpg","mime":"image/jpeg","size":618.02,"url":"https://goldilocks-images.s3.eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/17028164117_0fb5257122_k_e685c0a1c3.jpg","provider":"aws-s3","provider_metadata":null,"created_at":"2021-12-20T10:27:50.550Z","updated_at":"2021-12-20T10:27:50.570Z","alternativeText":"","caption":"","width":2048,"height":1367,"formats":{"large":{"ext":".jpg","url":"https://goldilocks-images.s3.eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/large_17028164117_0fb5257122_k_e685c0a1c3.jpg","hash":"large_17028164117_0fb5257122_k_e685c0a1c3","mime":"image/jpeg","name":"large_17028164117_0fb5257122_k.jpg","path":null,"size":107.91,"width":1000,"height":667},"small":{"ext":".jpg","url":"https://goldilocks-images.s3.eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/small_17028164117_0fb5257122_k_e685c0a1c3.jpg","hash":"small_17028164117_0fb5257122_k_e685c0a1c3","mime":"image/jpeg","name":"small_17028164117_0fb5257122_k.jpg","path":null,"size":28.97,"width":500,"height":334},"medium":{"ext":".jpg","url":"https://goldilocks-images.s3.eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/medium_17028164117_0fb5257122_k_e685c0a1c3.jpg","hash":"medium_17028164117_0fb5257122_k_e685c0a1c3","mime":"image/jpeg","name":"medium_17028164117_0fb5257122_k.jpg","path":null,"size":61.37,"width":750,"height":501},"thumbnail":{"ext":".jpg","url":"https://goldilocks-images.s3.eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/thumbnail_17028164117_0fb5257122_k_e685c0a1c3.jpg","hash":"thumbnail_17028164117_0fb5257122_k_e685c0a1c3","mime":"image/jpeg","name":"thumbnail_17028164117_0fb5257122_k.jpg","path":null,"size":8.41,"width":234,"height":156}},"previewUrl":null}},{"id":535,"name":"šŸ  Organic urban and peri-urban agriculture","description":"As cities have expanded, they have conventionally pushed space for agricultural activities to the peripheries and surrounding rural areas, and have become reliant on globalised supply chains. Cities can nevertheless have a home for organic urban and peri-urban agriculture. \n\nOrganic urban and peri-urban agriculture refers to production of food that happens either in or near the city. It includes organic farming at any scale, and can also refer to small holders, various forms of private urban farming initiatives, and community initiatives (vegetable gardens). Organic urban and peri-urban agriculture can support food security in the city, boost biodiversity, as well as stimulate local economies and community participation.\n\nA local government may stimulate and enable organic urban and peri-urban agriculture by making spaces in and near the city available for markets, growing spaces and waste processing through spatial planning. Communities may be engaged through the use of making information and tooling available, alongside making spaces in neighbourhoods available and accessible to different people through spatial planning. Local governments can support local food services businesses in sourcing and obtaining locally grown organic crops. \n","properties":{"cost":"medium","emissions":"medium"},"framework":135,"article":null,"parent":517,"created_at":"2021-08-24T08:00:05.553Z","updated_at":"2022-02-21T15:24:05.322Z","order":null,"icon_alt":null,"summary":null,"icon":{"id":2688,"name":"Growing food.jpeg","hash":"Growing_food_89eced83b0","sha256":null,"ext":".jpeg","mime":"image/jpeg","size":138.17,"url":"https://goldilocks-images.s3.eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/Growing_food_89eced83b0.jpeg","provider":"aws-s3","provider_metadata":null,"created_at":"2021-08-24T08:07:53.402Z","updated_at":"2021-08-24T10:21:41.681Z","alternativeText":"","caption":"","width":500,"height":750,"formats":{"small":{"ext":".jpeg","url":"https://goldilocks-images.s3.eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/small_Growing_food_89eced83b0.jpeg","hash":"small_Growing_food_89eced83b0","mime":"image/jpeg","name":"small_Growing food.jpeg","path":null,"size":72.12,"width":333,"height":500},"thumbnail":{"ext":".jpeg","url":"https://goldilocks-images.s3.eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/thumbnail_Growing_food_89eced83b0.jpeg","hash":"thumbnail_Growing_food_89eced83b0","mime":"image/jpeg","name":"thumbnail_Growing food.jpeg","path":null,"size":7.46,"width":104,"height":156}},"previewUrl":null}},{"id":517,"name":"Support local low-impact circular economies","description":"Increase efficiency and promote local economic growth by shortening supply chains and connecting local producers to consumers.\n","properties":null,"framework":135,"article":null,"parent":504,"created_at":"2021-03-25T11:29:54.977Z","updated_at":"2022-02-21T15:24:05.322Z","order":3,"icon_alt":null,"summary":null,"icon":null},{"id":667,"name":"šŸ¢  Construction and demolition waste reuse and recycling","description":"Currently, most Construction and Demolition (C&D) waste is mixed and used for backfilling or sent to landfill. Some of it is incinerated or downcycled into products of much lower value. This has become a pressing issue in many urban areas due to the sheer volume of C&D waste, which often is the biggest proportion of the waste stream. However, the built environment in cities is already a ā€œmineā€ from which to recover valuable materials from the existing building stocks. \n\nImproving separation of different materials at demolition sites and establishing or improving facilities for reuse and recovery of C&D waste allows for value to be retained within the local economy, reducing the burden of urban C&D waste management and helping cities achieve a more resource-efficient urbanisation. By recovering building components from buildings that are to be demolished, fewer new components need to be produced, and fewer raw materials need to be extracted. This reduces environmental impacts and emissions at each step of the value chain, from extraction to transportation and manufacturing. \n\nCities can influence the type of waste management infrastructures developed within the cityā€™s borders, as well as how different facilities throughout the city connect to one another. They can invest and support in developing infrastructure, both physical and digital, that can facilitate the closing of material and energy loops throughout the urban built environment. This can take the form of C&D recycling facilities, facilities for reconditioning of deconstructed building elements, and material and component marketplaces to collect and recover disassembled pre-used building components and material. Finally, they can invest and facilitate research to map the building stock aiding in identification of recovery opportunities and adequate demolition practices.\n","properties":{"cost":"medium","emissions":"high"},"framework":135,"article":null,"parent":518,"created_at":"2021-10-29T15:08:52.571Z","updated_at":"2022-07-05T12:56:29.080Z","order":null,"icon_alt":"Photo by Matt W Newman on Unsplash","summary":null,"icon":{"id":3518,"name":"matt-w-newman-TYiD9PaAHos-unsplash.jpg","hash":"matt_w_newman_T_Yi_D9_Pa_A_Hos_unsplash_ac764860a0","sha256":null,"ext":".jpg","mime":"image/jpeg","size":5455.44,"url":"https://goldilocks-images.s3.eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/matt_w_newman_T_Yi_D9_Pa_A_Hos_unsplash_ac764860a0.jpg","provider":"aws-s3","provider_metadata":null,"created_at":"2021-10-29T15:08:43.808Z","updated_at":"2021-10-29T15:08:43.823Z","alternativeText":"","caption":"","width":4000,"height":6000,"formats":{"large":{"ext":".jpg","url":"https://goldilocks-images.s3.eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/large_matt_w_newman_T_Yi_D9_Pa_A_Hos_unsplash_ac764860a0.jpg","hash":"large_matt_w_newman_T_Yi_D9_Pa_A_Hos_unsplash_ac764860a0","mime":"image/jpeg","name":"large_matt-w-newman-TYiD9PaAHos-unsplash.jpg","path":null,"size":212.85,"width":667,"height":1000},"small":{"ext":".jpg","url":"https://goldilocks-images.s3.eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/small_matt_w_newman_T_Yi_D9_Pa_A_Hos_unsplash_ac764860a0.jpg","hash":"small_matt_w_newman_T_Yi_D9_Pa_A_Hos_unsplash_ac764860a0","mime":"image/jpeg","name":"small_matt-w-newman-TYiD9PaAHos-unsplash.jpg","path":null,"size":53.99,"width":333,"height":500},"medium":{"ext":".jpg","url":"https://goldilocks-images.s3.eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/medium_matt_w_newman_T_Yi_D9_Pa_A_Hos_unsplash_ac764860a0.jpg","hash":"medium_matt_w_newman_T_Yi_D9_Pa_A_Hos_unsplash_ac764860a0","mime":"image/jpeg","name":"medium_matt-w-newman-TYiD9PaAHos-unsplash.jpg","path":null,"size":118.52,"width":500,"height":750},"thumbnail":{"ext":".jpg","url":"https://goldilocks-images.s3.eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/thumbnail_matt_w_newman_T_Yi_D9_Pa_A_Hos_unsplash_ac764860a0.jpg","hash":"thumbnail_matt_w_newman_T_Yi_D9_Pa_A_Hos_unsplash_ac764860a0","mime":"image/jpeg","name":"thumbnail_matt-w-newman-TYiD9PaAHos-unsplash.jpg","path":null,"size":5.76,"width":104,"height":156}},"previewUrl":null}},{"id":670,"name":"šŸ‘•šŸ“±  Packaging and goods made from bio-based materials","description":"As a result of its cheapness, durability, and range of uses, plastics have become ubiquitous with contemporary life. However, these same characteristics are contributing to a global challenge of plastic pollution, in large part driven by an influx of single-use plastic products, most notably used for packaging and bags. Much of this plastic packaging and bags, which can take hundreds of years to decompose, are not disposed of correctly and pollute and degrade ecosystems.  \n\nWhere packaging is absolutely necessary, alternatives can be made from bio-based materials that are sourced from renewable sources that can readily decompose. There are a range of types of biobased materials, from mycelium, starch, and even discarded fruit, which can be used as alternatives to conventional fossil-fuel derived plastics.\n\nLocal governments can support use of such packaging and goods made from alternative bio-based materials by banning or creating a bio-based plastic content mandate on single-use plastic packaging. Governments can simultaneously support the uptake of alternatives through incentive schemes such as subsidising their production as well as encouraging further research, innovation and development through incubator schemes or eco-design competitions. A good first step in creating the demand for such products is by integrating such criteria within the local public procurement strategy to supply, for example, municipal canteens.\n\nIt is important to note that, if local governments plan to support the uptake of this packaging type, they must also educate residents about the correct way to dispose of biobased plastics based on their waste management plan. Bioplastics often cannot be disposed of with normal plastics as they would contaminate their recycling. Moreover, if they plan to incentivise this type of packaging they should adapt the waste management practices accordingly (such as having an aerobic digester where compostable plastics can be disposed of with organic waste).","properties":{"cost":"low","emissions":"medium"},"framework":135,"article":null,"parent":510,"created_at":"2021-10-29T15:22:50.971Z","updated_at":"2022-08-09T12:57:14.545Z","order":null,"icon_alt":"Photo by John Cameron on Unsplash","summary":null,"icon":{"id":13383,"name":"john-cameron-KENd4EBdqow-unsplash.jpg","hash":"john_cameron_KE_Nd4_E_Bdqow_unsplash_d2620889a4","sha256":null,"ext":".jpg","mime":"image/jpeg","size":2025.21,"url":"https://goldilocks-images.s3.eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/john_cameron_KE_Nd4_E_Bdqow_unsplash_d2620889a4.jpg","provider":"aws-s3","provider_metadata":null,"created_at":"2022-08-09T12:55:44.896Z","updated_at":"2022-08-09T12:55:44.909Z","alternativeText":"","caption":"","width":4032,"height":3024,"formats":{"large":{"ext":".jpg","url":"https://goldilocks-images.s3.eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/large_john_cameron_KE_Nd4_E_Bdqow_unsplash_d2620889a4.jpg","hash":"large_john_cameron_KE_Nd4_E_Bdqow_unsplash_d2620889a4","mime":"image/jpeg","name":"large_john-cameron-KENd4EBdqow-unsplash.jpg","path":null,"size":169.15,"width":1000,"height":750},"small":{"ext":".jpg","url":"https://goldilocks-images.s3.eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/small_john_cameron_KE_Nd4_E_Bdqow_unsplash_d2620889a4.jpg","hash":"small_john_cameron_KE_Nd4_E_Bdqow_unsplash_d2620889a4","mime":"image/jpeg","name":"small_john-cameron-KENd4EBdqow-unsplash.jpg","path":null,"size":50.85,"width":500,"height":375},"medium":{"ext":".jpg","url":"https://goldilocks-images.s3.eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/medium_john_cameron_KE_Nd4_E_Bdqow_unsplash_d2620889a4.jpg","hash":"medium_john_cameron_KE_Nd4_E_Bdqow_unsplash_d2620889a4","mime":"image/jpeg","name":"medium_john-cameron-KENd4EBdqow-unsplash.jpg","path":null,"size":105.22,"width":750,"height":563},"thumbnail":{"ext":".jpg","url":"https://goldilocks-images.s3.eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/thumbnail_john_cameron_KE_Nd4_E_Bdqow_unsplash_d2620889a4.jpg","hash":"thumbnail_john_cameron_KE_Nd4_E_Bdqow_unsplash_d2620889a4","mime":"image/jpeg","name":"thumbnail_john-cameron-KENd4EBdqow-unsplash.jpg","path":null,"size":11.44,"width":208,"height":156}},"previewUrl":null}},{"id":508,"name":"Eliminate linear incentives and set goals and incentives for circularity","description":"High-level changes to policy and practice (such as taxation systems, investment and procurement guidelines and criteria) that disincentivize activities that perpetuate linear economic systems, as well as vision-setting (goals, roadmaps) to catalyze\naction on circularity across the city","properties":null,"framework":135,"article":null,"parent":501,"created_at":"2021-03-25T11:24:40.341Z","updated_at":"2022-10-18T11:05:24.598Z","order":1,"icon_alt":null,"summary":null,"icon":null},{"id":664,"name":"šŸ¢  Bio-based construction materials","description":"Almost 60% of the built environment required to accommodate the earthā€™s urban population by 2050 remains to be built. Materials going into the built environment are currently dominated by non-renewable carbon-intensive minerals, such as concrete, asphalt, bricks, sand and gravel. As urbanisation increases, demand for these materials increases and related negative environmental impact follows. \n\nSubstituting conventional materials with renewable bio-based materials can successfully cut demand for virgin materialsā€”thereby decreasing the overall environmental impact of the built environment. Bio-based materials have far lower embodied carbon and can even act as carbon sinks, sequestering emissions from the atmosphere. They can replace hazardous materials like asbestos and improve the health and well-being of communities. Examples of these materials include: wood, bamboo, hemp, crop residues, as well as more sustainable forms of concrete (seaweed-crete, timber-crete, etc.). \n\nLocal governments can promote the adoption of bio-based construction materials, for instance, by drawing up new tender criteria where bio-based products are part of new development projects, or by funding research and then regulating new cutting-edge materials that can substitute conventional construction materials.\n","properties":{"cost":"medium","emissions":"high"},"framework":135,"article":null,"parent":510,"created_at":"2021-10-29T14:56:38.853Z","updated_at":"2022-05-19T08:37:10.446Z","order":null,"icon_alt":"Photo by Josh Olalde on Unsplash","summary":null,"icon":{"id":3515,"name":"josh-olalde-X1P1_EDNnok-unsplash.jpg","hash":"josh_olalde_X1_P1_ED_Nnok_unsplash_4d7baee397","sha256":null,"ext":".jpg","mime":"image/jpeg","size":945.86,"url":"https://goldilocks-images.s3.eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/josh_olalde_X1_P1_ED_Nnok_unsplash_4d7baee397.jpg","provider":"aws-s3","provider_metadata":null,"created_at":"2021-10-29T14:56:28.158Z","updated_at":"2021-10-29T14:56:28.202Z","alternativeText":"","caption":"","width":3649,"height":2433,"formats":{"large":{"ext":".jpg","url":"https://goldilocks-images.s3.eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/large_josh_olalde_X1_P1_ED_Nnok_unsplash_4d7baee397.jpg","hash":"large_josh_olalde_X1_P1_ED_Nnok_unsplash_4d7baee397","mime":"image/jpeg","name":"large_josh-olalde-X1P1_EDNnok-unsplash.jpg","path":null,"size":79.6,"width":1000,"height":667},"small":{"ext":".jpg","url":"https://goldilocks-images.s3.eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/small_josh_olalde_X1_P1_ED_Nnok_unsplash_4d7baee397.jpg","hash":"small_josh_olalde_X1_P1_ED_Nnok_unsplash_4d7baee397","mime":"image/jpeg","name":"small_josh-olalde-X1P1_EDNnok-unsplash.jpg","path":null,"size":26.4,"width":500,"height":333},"medium":{"ext":".jpg","url":"https://goldilocks-images.s3.eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/medium_josh_olalde_X1_P1_ED_Nnok_unsplash_4d7baee397.jpg","hash":"medium_josh_olalde_X1_P1_ED_Nnok_unsplash_4d7baee397","mime":"image/jpeg","name":"medium_josh-olalde-X1P1_EDNnok-unsplash.jpg","path":null,"size":49.27,"width":750,"height":500},"thumbnail":{"ext":".jpg","url":"https://goldilocks-images.s3.eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/thumbnail_josh_olalde_X1_P1_ED_Nnok_unsplash_4d7baee397.jpg","hash":"thumbnail_josh_olalde_X1_P1_ED_Nnok_unsplash_4d7baee397","mime":"image/jpeg","name":"thumbnail_josh-olalde-X1P1_EDNnok-unsplash.jpg","path":null,"size":8.41,"width":234,"height":156}},"previewUrl":null}},{"id":1257,"name":"šŸ’§ Reduce water use in households","description":"Cities depend upon a limited fresh water supply. Although households are responsible for less than 10% of fresh water used globally, they have significant potential to influence water consumption. In addition to reducing the strain a city has on its fresh water supply, reduced household water consumption can reduce the demand on water infrastructure and in some cases, improve the availability for other households [SSWM](https://sswm.info/taxonomy/term/2658/reduce-water-consumption-at-home). \n\nHouseholds can reduce their water consumption by behavioural change and by improving the efficiency of water-related equipment. Behaviour change consists of actions such as reducing shower time, using shorter cycle washing machine settings, and only using a dishwasher at full capacity. Improving the efficiency of water-related equipment can be achieved by actions such as repairing or replacing a leaking toilet, installing a water saving shower head, and replacing an inefficient washing machine with a more efficient alternative.\n\nCities can play a role in reducing household water consumption in many different ways. Non-price mechanisms can be used, in which water reduction is achieved without penalising households financially. This includes actions such as creating water conservation campaigns, prohibiting certain water uses (e.g. hose pipes), installing water management devices in households to restrict water to a sustainable level and restricting water centrally in more extreme circumstances. However, price-based mechanisms can also be used in which the household is subject to varying water tariffs depending on the fresh water availability [(Matikinca et al.)](https://iwaponline.com/wp/article/22/3/483/74194/Drought-response-impacts-on-household-water-use).","properties":{"cost":"low","emissions":"medium"},"framework":135,"article":null,"parent":507,"created_at":"2022-05-25T16:36:03.705Z","updated_at":"2022-10-18T11:01:20.500Z","order":null,"icon_alt":"Photo by Andres Siimon on Unsplash","summary":null,"icon":{"id":10213,"name":"andres-siimon-KOh8ShapWMw-unsplash.jpg","hash":"andres_siimon_K_Oh8_Shap_W_Mw_unsplash_62596076f1","sha256":null,"ext":".jpg","mime":"image/jpeg","size":1224.76,"url":"https://goldilocks-images.s3.eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/andres_siimon_K_Oh8_Shap_W_Mw_unsplash_62596076f1.jpg","provider":"aws-s3","provider_metadata":null,"created_at":"2022-06-09T12:55:46.953Z","updated_at":"2022-06-09T12:55:46.981Z","alternativeText":"","caption":"","width":5476,"height":3082,"formats":{"large":{"ext":".jpg","url":"https://goldilocks-images.s3.eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/large_andres_siimon_K_Oh8_Shap_W_Mw_unsplash_62596076f1.jpg","hash":"large_andres_siimon_K_Oh8_Shap_W_Mw_unsplash_62596076f1","mime":"image/jpeg","name":"large_andres-siimon-KOh8ShapWMw-unsplash.jpg","path":null,"size":59.93,"width":1000,"height":563},"small":{"ext":".jpg","url":"https://goldilocks-images.s3.eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/small_andres_siimon_K_Oh8_Shap_W_Mw_unsplash_62596076f1.jpg","hash":"small_andres_siimon_K_Oh8_Shap_W_Mw_unsplash_62596076f1","mime":"image/jpeg","name":"small_andres-siimon-KOh8ShapWMw-unsplash.jpg","path":null,"size":19.82,"width":500,"height":281},"medium":{"ext":".jpg","url":"https://goldilocks-images.s3.eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/medium_andres_siimon_K_Oh8_Shap_W_Mw_unsplash_62596076f1.jpg","hash":"medium_andres_siimon_K_Oh8_Shap_W_Mw_unsplash_62596076f1","mime":"image/jpeg","name":"medium_andres-siimon-KOh8ShapWMw-unsplash.jpg","path":null,"size":37.89,"width":750,"height":422},"thumbnail":{"ext":".jpg","url":"https://goldilocks-images.s3.eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/thumbnail_andres_siimon_K_Oh8_Shap_W_Mw_unsplash_62596076f1.jpg","hash":"thumbnail_andres_siimon_K_Oh8_Shap_W_Mw_unsplash_62596076f1","mime":"image/jpeg","name":"thumbnail_andres-siimon-KOh8ShapWMw-unsplash.jpg","path":null,"size":6.6,"width":245,"height":138}},"previewUrl":null}},{"id":573,"name":"šŸ  Sustainable food and agriculture business ecosystems","description":"Businesses support the innovation and implementation of circular strategies. Yet innovations and startups that close loops and facilitate reuse often face additional challenges, due to the lack of infrastructure that supports circular initiatives for example physical and digital infrastructure to support reverse logistics.\n\nSustainable business ecosystems connect circular businesses around common problems and provide coordinated support, education and financing opportunities for these businesses to operate and scale together. This solution stimulates the local economy, which can promote local circular job opportunities in the future, and provides an attractive and supportive environment for more circular businesses to start up and scale the city.\n\nThe local government may partner with innovation ecosystems and circular domain experts to create training modules and facilitation programmes for small businesses, making knowledge resources available to small businesses looking to go circular. Local governments may also provide financial support - either directly or in partnership with financial institutions - to target and stimulate ecosystems around specific circular business models. \n","properties":{"cost":"high","emissions":"low"},"framework":135,"article":null,"parent":516,"created_at":"2021-08-31T10:39:32.915Z","updated_at":"2022-02-21T15:24:05.322Z","order":null,"icon_alt":"Photo by The Grand Cheese Master on Unsplash","summary":null,"icon":{"id":6121,"name":"the-grand-cheese-master-TJDBqlvTdGI-unsplash.jpg","hash":"the_grand_cheese_master_TJD_Bqlv_Td_GI_unsplash_7d7592b6e5","sha256":null,"ext":".jpg","mime":"image/jpeg","size":2040.55,"url":"https://goldilocks-images.s3.eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/the_grand_cheese_master_TJD_Bqlv_Td_GI_unsplash_7d7592b6e5.jpg","provider":"aws-s3","provider_metadata":null,"created_at":"2022-01-26T17:14:40.290Z","updated_at":"2022-01-26T17:14:40.322Z","alternativeText":"","caption":"","width":6000,"height":4000,"formats":{"large":{"ext":".jpg","url":"https://goldilocks-images.s3.eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/large_the_grand_cheese_master_TJD_Bqlv_Td_GI_unsplash_7d7592b6e5.jpg","hash":"large_the_grand_cheese_master_TJD_Bqlv_Td_GI_unsplash_7d7592b6e5","mime":"image/jpeg","name":"large_the-grand-cheese-master-TJDBqlvTdGI-unsplash.jpg","path":null,"size":131.65,"width":1000,"height":667},"small":{"ext":".jpg","url":"https://goldilocks-images.s3.eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/small_the_grand_cheese_master_TJD_Bqlv_Td_GI_unsplash_7d7592b6e5.jpg","hash":"small_the_grand_cheese_master_TJD_Bqlv_Td_GI_unsplash_7d7592b6e5","mime":"image/jpeg","name":"small_the-grand-cheese-master-TJDBqlvTdGI-unsplash.jpg","path":null,"size":45.79,"width":500,"height":333},"medium":{"ext":".jpg","url":"https://goldilocks-images.s3.eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/medium_the_grand_cheese_master_TJD_Bqlv_Td_GI_unsplash_7d7592b6e5.jpg","hash":"medium_the_grand_cheese_master_TJD_Bqlv_Td_GI_unsplash_7d7592b6e5","mime":"image/jpeg","name":"medium_the-grand-cheese-master-TJDBqlvTdGI-unsplash.jpg","path":null,"size":84.37,"width":750,"height":500},"thumbnail":{"ext":".jpg","url":"https://goldilocks-images.s3.eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/thumbnail_the_grand_cheese_master_TJD_Bqlv_Td_GI_unsplash_7d7592b6e5.jpg","hash":"thumbnail_the_grand_cheese_master_TJD_Bqlv_Td_GI_unsplash_7d7592b6e5","mime":"image/jpeg","name":"thumbnail_the-grand-cheese-master-TJDBqlvTdGI-unsplash.jpg","path":null,"size":13.62,"width":234,"height":156}},"previewUrl":null}},{"id":511,"name":"Promote solutions inspired and supported by nature","description":"Prioritize solutions that use the power of functioning ecosystems as infrastructure to provide natural services to benefit society and the environment; consider nature-based replacements for grey infrastructure.","properties":null,"framework":135,"article":null,"parent":502,"created_at":"2021-03-25T11:26:04.438Z","updated_at":"2022-02-21T15:24:05.322Z","order":2,"icon_alt":null,"summary":null,"icon":null},{"id":960,"name":"šŸ’§ šŸ āš”  Supporting solutions that maximise synergies between food water and energy systems","description":"Water is not only at the core of different public services cities provide, including application and sanitation, water also acts as a carrier of nutrients and energy which can benefit other urban systems. However, Global demand for freshwater will exceed viable resources by 40% by 2030, if we continue with business as usual ([ARUP](https://www.arup.com/-/media/arup/files/publications/w/water_and_circular_economy_whitepaper.pdf)). Exploring the synergistic link between water, food and energy in urban systems becomes central to sustainable development and the sustainable management of water. Urban changemakers in all three areas should start taking a more holistic approach to water managementā€”from water resource management, to ecosystem protection and water supply and sanitation ([UN Water](https://www.unwater.org/water-facts/water-food-and-energy/)).\n\nBringing circularity within the food-water-energy nexus means recognising all urban water flowsā€”drinking water, stormwater, wastewater and source waterā€”as potential resources for use across these three sectors. Circular water systems can maximise synergies between food water and energy systems by protecting water availability to maintain agricultural production in water scarce regions, or by recovering energy from wastewater treatment, replacing fossil fuels used for cooking or heating. Solid organic matter, or biosolids, recovered from a sewage treatment can also be used as a fertiliser, preventing harmful chemicals from polluting water streams so that water sources are clean and safe to drink.\n\nLocal governments can govern the food-water-energy nexus by looking holistically at the cityā€™s infrastructure. They can update city plans to integrate Green Blue Infrastructure (GBI) which can provide tangible benefits to each dimension of the food-water-energy nexus. Parks, green walls, waterways and greenways can, for example, provide food, water, fibre and fuel to support the urban ecosystem. Moreover, bringing different actors together, from the department of water resources, food safety, as well as energy and planning, is at the heart of any form of integrated planning. To spur cross-sectoral collaboration, for instance, cities can convene different actors on dedicated platforms and facilitate effective communication between different city departments and public organisations. Embedding a nexus strategy in municipal policy may lay a foundation for cross departmental budgeting and program implementation.\n","properties":{"cost":"medium","emissions":"high"},"framework":135,"article":null,"parent":506,"created_at":"2021-12-20T10:01:02.592Z","updated_at":"2022-05-24T08:39:27.095Z","order":null,"icon_alt":"Photo by AIRS on Flickr","summary":null,"icon":{"id":5197,"name":"8264025043_e0cb037307_k.jpg","hash":"8264025043_e0cb037307_k_6187161df9","sha256":null,"ext":".jpg","mime":"image/jpeg","size":341.48,"url":"https://goldilocks-images.s3.eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/8264025043_e0cb037307_k_6187161df9.jpg","provider":"aws-s3","provider_metadata":null,"created_at":"2021-12-20T10:00:52.221Z","updated_at":"2021-12-20T10:00:52.253Z","alternativeText":"","caption":"","width":1840,"height":2047,"formats":{"large":{"ext":".jpg","url":"https://goldilocks-images.s3.eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/large_8264025043_e0cb037307_k_6187161df9.jpg","hash":"large_8264025043_e0cb037307_k_6187161df9","mime":"image/jpeg","name":"large_8264025043_e0cb037307_k.jpg","path":null,"size":112.19,"width":899,"height":1000},"small":{"ext":".jpg","url":"https://goldilocks-images.s3.eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/small_8264025043_e0cb037307_k_6187161df9.jpg","hash":"small_8264025043_e0cb037307_k_6187161df9","mime":"image/jpeg","name":"small_8264025043_e0cb037307_k.jpg","path":null,"size":37.96,"width":449,"height":500},"medium":{"ext":".jpg","url":"https://goldilocks-images.s3.eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/medium_8264025043_e0cb037307_k_6187161df9.jpg","hash":"medium_8264025043_e0cb037307_k_6187161df9","mime":"image/jpeg","name":"medium_8264025043_e0cb037307_k.jpg","path":null,"size":72.99,"width":674,"height":750},"thumbnail":{"ext":".jpg","url":"https://goldilocks-images.s3.eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/thumbnail_8264025043_e0cb037307_k_6187161df9.jpg","hash":"thumbnail_8264025043_e0cb037307_k_6187161df9","mime":"image/jpeg","name":"thumbnail_8264025043_e0cb037307_k.jpg","path":null,"size":6.27,"width":140,"height":156}},"previewUrl":null}},{"id":666,"name":"šŸ¢  Make the best use of existing buildings and infrastructure","description":"The demolition of old buildings and construction of new buildings require vast quantities of heavy materials, and significant amounts of energy and water. Where possible, it is preferable to renovate and refurbish an existing building in a circular manner rather than demolishing it to build a new one. Additionally, underutilised and vacant buildings and spaces represent an enormous untapped value, which could be leveraged to finance investments in other areas and revitalise neighbourhoods. This could include ā€˜meanwhile useā€™ or ā€˜intermittent useā€™ of buildings, which involves making temporarily empty spaces, properties and land available for use as work spaces, pop-up cafes, shops, and more. Such projects help to rethink the design of the surrounding urban space, creating attractive, safe and user-friendly areas, thus revitalising neighbourhood economies and encouraging local retail networks. \n\nLocal governmentsā€”along with multidisciplinary teams of finance, human resources, technology, and corporate real estate stakeholdersā€”can identify idle or underutilised spaces and determine their value, and then consider this in relation to current and future requirements of their citizens (for example, shortage of affordable housing or cultural spaces). Measures to address the underuse of buildings and spaces could include flexible zoning plans, economic disincentives for new greenfield developments in favour of refurbishing and manufacturing, as well as piloting projects with public vacant buildings.","properties":{"cost":"medium","emissions":"high"},"framework":135,"article":null,"parent":514,"created_at":"2021-10-29T15:05:57.683Z","updated_at":"2022-05-19T08:51:20.058Z","order":null,"icon_alt":"Photo by Peter Herrmann on Unsplash","summary":null,"icon":{"id":3517,"name":"peter-herrmann--d7oSiuYHCs-unsplash.jpg","hash":"peter_herrmann_d7o_Siu_YH_Cs_unsplash_61a6012860","sha256":null,"ext":".jpg","mime":"image/jpeg","size":4199.84,"url":"https://goldilocks-images.s3.eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/peter_herrmann_d7o_Siu_YH_Cs_unsplash_61a6012860.jpg","provider":"aws-s3","provider_metadata":null,"created_at":"2021-10-29T15:05:47.971Z","updated_at":"2021-10-29T15:05:47.989Z","alternativeText":"","caption":"","width":6016,"height":4003,"formats":{"large":{"ext":".jpg","url":"https://goldilocks-images.s3.eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/large_peter_herrmann_d7o_Siu_YH_Cs_unsplash_61a6012860.jpg","hash":"large_peter_herrmann_d7o_Siu_YH_Cs_unsplash_61a6012860","mime":"image/jpeg","name":"large_peter-herrmann--d7oSiuYHCs-unsplash.jpg","path":null,"size":142.03,"width":1000,"height":665},"small":{"ext":".jpg","url":"https://goldilocks-images.s3.eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/small_peter_herrmann_d7o_Siu_YH_Cs_unsplash_61a6012860.jpg","hash":"small_peter_herrmann_d7o_Siu_YH_Cs_unsplash_61a6012860","mime":"image/jpeg","name":"small_peter-herrmann--d7oSiuYHCs-unsplash.jpg","path":null,"size":39.39,"width":500,"height":333},"medium":{"ext":".jpg","url":"https://goldilocks-images.s3.eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/medium_peter_herrmann_d7o_Siu_YH_Cs_unsplash_61a6012860.jpg","hash":"medium_peter_herrmann_d7o_Siu_YH_Cs_unsplash_61a6012860","mime":"image/jpeg","name":"medium_peter-herrmann--d7oSiuYHCs-unsplash.jpg","path":null,"size":81.11,"width":750,"height":499},"thumbnail":{"ext":".jpg","url":"https://goldilocks-images.s3.eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/thumbnail_peter_herrmann_d7o_Siu_YH_Cs_unsplash_61a6012860.jpg","hash":"thumbnail_peter_herrmann_d7o_Siu_YH_Cs_unsplash_61a6012860","mime":"image/jpeg","name":"thumbnail_peter-herrmann--d7oSiuYHCs-unsplash.jpg","path":null,"size":10.54,"width":234,"height":156}},"previewUrl":null}},{"id":673,"name":"šŸ‘•šŸ“±  Source separation and collection systems for consumer goods ","description":"Mixed household waste - consisting of textiles, electronics, organic and other consumer goods - can be contaminated and difficult to separate, and hence limit the  recovery of materials and value.\n\nSource separation reduces the upstream sorting cost and ensures that downstream recyclers receive clean feedstock, thus improving their ability to capture the value from post-consumer material streams. Source separation systems can take a variety of forms, such as providing a distributed network of collection points throughout a city for residents to drop off various types of waste materials. The most successful examples of this include: collection of electronics, plastics, waste oil, fabrics, metals, bulky goods, paper, cardboard, batteries, amongst others.\n\nLocal governments can support the implementation of the solution by developing and providing the necessary infrastructure throughout the city or engage in public-private partnerships to provide source separation systems. What is more, information campaigns can help to inform residents on which types of consumer goods can be recovered, and the most effective means of disposal. \n","properties":{"cost":"medium","emissions":"medium"},"framework":135,"article":null,"parent":519,"created_at":"2021-10-29T15:28:17.476Z","updated_at":"2022-02-21T15:24:05.322Z","order":null,"icon_alt":null,"summary":null,"icon":{"id":3524,"name":"14958_cuida-la-punts-verds-8002-1024x682.jpeg","hash":"14958_cuida_la_punts_verds_8002_1024x682_c75314715f","sha256":null,"ext":".jpeg","mime":"image/jpeg","size":170.45,"url":"https://goldilocks-images.s3.eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/14958_cuida_la_punts_verds_8002_1024x682_c75314715f.jpeg","provider":"aws-s3","provider_metadata":null,"created_at":"2021-10-29T15:28:00.164Z","updated_at":"2021-10-29T15:28:00.193Z","alternativeText":"","caption":"","width":1024,"height":682,"formats":{"large":{"ext":".jpeg","url":"https://goldilocks-images.s3.eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/large_14958_cuida_la_punts_verds_8002_1024x682_c75314715f.jpeg","hash":"large_14958_cuida_la_punts_verds_8002_1024x682_c75314715f","mime":"image/jpeg","name":"large_14958_cuida-la-punts-verds-8002-1024x682.jpeg","path":null,"size":160.67,"width":1000,"height":666},"small":{"ext":".jpeg","url":"https://goldilocks-images.s3.eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/small_14958_cuida_la_punts_verds_8002_1024x682_c75314715f.jpeg","hash":"small_14958_cuida_la_punts_verds_8002_1024x682_c75314715f","mime":"image/jpeg","name":"small_14958_cuida-la-punts-verds-8002-1024x682.jpeg","path":null,"size":46.35,"width":500,"height":333},"medium":{"ext":".jpeg","url":"https://goldilocks-images.s3.eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/medium_14958_cuida_la_punts_verds_8002_1024x682_c75314715f.jpeg","hash":"medium_14958_cuida_la_punts_verds_8002_1024x682_c75314715f","mime":"image/jpeg","name":"medium_14958_cuida-la-punts-verds-8002-1024x682.jpeg","path":null,"size":99.5,"width":750,"height":500},"thumbnail":{"ext":".jpeg","url":"https://goldilocks-images.s3.eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/thumbnail_14958_cuida_la_punts_verds_8002_1024x682_c75314715f.jpeg","hash":"thumbnail_14958_cuida_la_punts_verds_8002_1024x682_c75314715f","mime":"image/jpeg","name":"thumbnail_14958_cuida-la-punts-verds-8002-1024x682.jpeg","path":null,"size":11.87,"width":234,"height":156}},"previewUrl":null}},{"id":1356,"name":"šŸ‘•šŸ“± Reusable products and containers","description":"Single-use packaging is very common in food services and retail, and its expanded use in recent years has led to multiple health, sanitation and environmental problemsā€”polluting public spaces, waterways and surrounding ecosystems. \n\nHowever, this is a relatively new phenomenon, and there is a lot that can be done to shift away from non-biodegradable materials and encourage a return to reusable containers. Reusable containers can be used, washed and reused multiple times to reduce waste generation.\n\nCommonly, the implementation of reusable food and drink containers relies on a strong collaboration with businesses to adopt and facilitate such schemes. Local governments can play an important role in promoting and supporting these behaviours through, for example, raising awareness about alternatives through campaigns and promoting participating businesses. Experimental zones can also be used to test and encourage the use of reusable containers. Local governments can, in partnership with regional and national governments, regulate the use of certain single-use materials and packaging in the city.\n\nHowever, caution is warranted: with their often higher per-unit impact when compared with single-use alternatives, implementing reusable container schemes must be balanced with behaviour change away from a throw-away mindset to ensure that these containers are used multiple times, otherwise the expected environmental impact may not be realised. \n","properties":{"cost":"low","emissions":"low"},"framework":135,"article":null,"parent":512,"created_at":"2022-07-26T12:47:37.369Z","updated_at":"2022-08-09T14:36:33.275Z","order":null,"icon_alt":"Photo by  Nacho FernĆ”ndez on Unsplash","summary":null,"icon":{"id":12441,"name":"nacho-fernandez-DEg6z1koCRk-unsplash.jpg","hash":"nacho_fernandez_D_Eg6z1ko_C_Rk_unsplash_7af18e5ff7","sha256":null,"ext":".jpg","mime":"image/jpeg","size":1583.44,"url":"https://goldilocks-images.s3.eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/nacho_fernandez_D_Eg6z1ko_C_Rk_unsplash_7af18e5ff7.jpg","provider":"aws-s3","provider_metadata":null,"created_at":"2022-07-26T12:43:30.252Z","updated_at":"2022-07-26T12:43:30.379Z","alternativeText":"","caption":"","width":6000,"height":4000,"formats":{"large":{"ext":".jpg","url":"https://goldilocks-images.s3.eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/large_nacho_fernandez_D_Eg6z1ko_C_Rk_unsplash_7af18e5ff7.jpg","hash":"large_nacho_fernandez_D_Eg6z1ko_C_Rk_unsplash_7af18e5ff7","mime":"image/jpeg","name":"large_nacho-fernandez-DEg6z1koCRk-unsplash.jpg","path":null,"size":88.65,"width":1000,"height":667},"small":{"ext":".jpg","url":"https://goldilocks-images.s3.eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/small_nacho_fernandez_D_Eg6z1ko_C_Rk_unsplash_7af18e5ff7.jpg","hash":"small_nacho_fernandez_D_Eg6z1ko_C_Rk_unsplash_7af18e5ff7","mime":"image/jpeg","name":"small_nacho-fernandez-DEg6z1koCRk-unsplash.jpg","path":null,"size":27.78,"width":500,"height":333},"medium":{"ext":".jpg","url":"https://goldilocks-images.s3.eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/medium_nacho_fernandez_D_Eg6z1ko_C_Rk_unsplash_7af18e5ff7.jpg","hash":"medium_nacho_fernandez_D_Eg6z1ko_C_Rk_unsplash_7af18e5ff7","mime":"image/jpeg","name":"medium_nacho-fernandez-DEg6z1koCRk-unsplash.jpg","path":null,"size":54.56,"width":750,"height":500},"thumbnail":{"ext":".jpg","url":"https://goldilocks-images.s3.eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/thumbnail_nacho_fernandez_D_Eg6z1ko_C_Rk_unsplash_7af18e5ff7.jpg","hash":"thumbnail_nacho_fernandez_D_Eg6z1ko_C_Rk_unsplash_7af18e5ff7","mime":"image/jpeg","name":"thumbnail_nacho-fernandez-DEg6z1koCRk-unsplash.jpg","path":null,"size":7.74,"width":234,"height":156}},"previewUrl":null}},{"id":1224,"name":"šŸšŒ  Circular vehicle design and circular business models","description":"Designing vehicles for maximum efficiency of resources is key in the circular economy. Circular design can allow vehicles to be manufactured using less resources, be easily remanufactured, parts to be swapped in and out (ā€˜modularā€™), and/or space in the vehicle be reconfigured. Whereas digital technology can advance resource effective manufacturing techniques and support the automation of vehicles for sharing and mobility-as-a-service schemes.\n\nFor instance, vehicles can be ā€˜retrofittedā€™ to run off batteries, remanufactured, or designed to be dismantled and allow the reuse of parts and recycling of materials. And when batteries cannot be reused to power a passenger car any longer, they can be reused for less demanding tasks, such as storage of electricity from wind turbines and solar farms.\n\nCities can support business innovation towards these directions via direct financial and fiscal business support, by collaborating and engaging with circular businesses through urban Living Labs or other mechanisms, as well as setting up eco-industrial parks where by-products of one company can become a resource for another. \n","properties":{"cost":"high","emissions":"medium"},"framework":135,"article":null,"parent":516,"created_at":"2022-05-19T12:26:48.352Z","updated_at":"2022-08-09T14:39:53.911Z","order":null,"icon_alt":"Photo by Eric & Niklas on Unsplash","summary":null,"icon":{"id":8827,"name":"eric-niklas-pZH_1McF2ac-unsplash.jpg","hash":"eric_niklas_p_ZH_1_Mc_F2ac_unsplash_910368b989","sha256":null,"ext":".jpg","mime":"image/jpeg","size":1483.09,"url":"https://goldilocks-images.s3.eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/eric_niklas_p_ZH_1_Mc_F2ac_unsplash_910368b989.jpg","provider":"aws-s3","provider_metadata":null,"created_at":"2022-05-19T12:25:29.893Z","updated_at":"2022-05-19T12:25:29.921Z","alternativeText":"","caption":"","width":6000,"height":3376,"formats":{"large":{"ext":".jpg","url":"https://goldilocks-images.s3.eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/large_eric_niklas_p_ZH_1_Mc_F2ac_unsplash_910368b989.jpg","hash":"large_eric_niklas_p_ZH_1_Mc_F2ac_unsplash_910368b989","mime":"image/jpeg","name":"large_eric-niklas-pZH_1McF2ac-unsplash.jpg","path":null,"size":35.41,"width":1000,"height":563},"small":{"ext":".jpg","url":"https://goldilocks-images.s3.eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/small_eric_niklas_p_ZH_1_Mc_F2ac_unsplash_910368b989.jpg","hash":"small_eric_niklas_p_ZH_1_Mc_F2ac_unsplash_910368b989","mime":"image/jpeg","name":"small_eric-niklas-pZH_1McF2ac-unsplash.jpg","path":null,"size":12.68,"width":500,"height":281},"medium":{"ext":".jpg","url":"https://goldilocks-images.s3.eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/medium_eric_niklas_p_ZH_1_Mc_F2ac_unsplash_910368b989.jpg","hash":"medium_eric_niklas_p_ZH_1_Mc_F2ac_unsplash_910368b989","mime":"image/jpeg","name":"medium_eric-niklas-pZH_1McF2ac-unsplash.jpg","path":null,"size":22.7,"width":750,"height":422},"thumbnail":{"ext":".jpg","url":"https://goldilocks-images.s3.eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/thumbnail_eric_niklas_p_ZH_1_Mc_F2ac_unsplash_910368b989.jpg","hash":"thumbnail_eric_niklas_p_ZH_1_Mc_F2ac_unsplash_910368b989","mime":"image/jpeg","name":"thumbnail_eric-niklas-pZH_1McF2ac-unsplash.jpg","path":null,"size":4.84,"width":245,"height":138}},"previewUrl":null}},{"id":571,"name":"šŸ  Optimised food logistics","description":"Urban food transportation is a crucial component of both food and mobility systems, and significantly influences the level of urban sustainability and the total carbon footprint of foods. Cities can reduce greenhouse gas emissions associated with food transportation, commonly known as ā€œfood-milesā€, through various urban logistics measures. These measures require the participation of multiple actors, from city users and inhabitants, to urban food suppliers, logistics providers and carriers, and distributors. \n\nLocal governments can optimise the distribution of food to small retailers and consumers, reducing the associated environmental and social impacts generated by the urban food deliveries, for example, carbon emissions, congestion, mobility, and food loss. \n\nThey can do this by incentivising the use of environmentally-friendly vehicles by, for example, using spatial planning to reserve spaces, regions and lanes in the city for low-carbon modes of transport. Local governments can also use Information and Communications Technology (ICT) tools and local businesses to explore the challenges and barriers for food logistics in the city, and to identify how the cityā€™s spatial planning can be optimised to reduce food loss and waste.\n","properties":{"cost":"high","emissions":"high"},"framework":135,"article":null,"parent":515,"created_at":"2021-08-31T10:37:18.358Z","updated_at":"2022-02-21T15:24:05.322Z","order":null,"icon_alt":null,"summary":null,"icon":{"id":2959,"name":"Optimised Food Logistics _ denys-nevozhai-7nrsVjvALnA-unsplash.jpeg","hash":"Optimised_Food_Logistics_denys_nevozhai_7nrs_Vjv_A_Ln_A_unsplash_756a50823b","sha256":null,"ext":".jpeg","mime":"image/jpeg","size":3628.62,"url":"https://goldilocks-images.s3.eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/Optimised_Food_Logistics_denys_nevozhai_7nrs_Vjv_A_Ln_A_unsplash_756a50823b.jpeg","provider":"aws-s3","provider_metadata":null,"created_at":"2021-09-09T09:02:08.922Z","updated_at":"2021-09-09T09:02:08.951Z","alternativeText":"","caption":"","width":3992,"height":2992,"formats":{"large":{"ext":".jpeg","url":"https://goldilocks-images.s3.eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/large_Optimised_Food_Logistics_denys_nevozhai_7nrs_Vjv_A_Ln_A_unsplash_756a50823b.jpeg","hash":"large_Optimised_Food_Logistics_denys_nevozhai_7nrs_Vjv_A_Ln_A_unsplash_756a50823b","mime":"image/jpeg","name":"large_Optimised Food Logistics _ denys-nevozhai-7nrsVjvALnA-unsplash.jpeg","path":null,"size":267.35,"width":1000,"height":749},"small":{"ext":".jpeg","url":"https://goldilocks-images.s3.eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/small_Optimised_Food_Logistics_denys_nevozhai_7nrs_Vjv_A_Ln_A_unsplash_756a50823b.jpeg","hash":"small_Optimised_Food_Logistics_denys_nevozhai_7nrs_Vjv_A_Ln_A_unsplash_756a50823b","mime":"image/jpeg","name":"small_Optimised Food Logistics _ denys-nevozhai-7nrsVjvALnA-unsplash.jpeg","path":null,"size":73.84,"width":500,"height":375},"medium":{"ext":".jpeg","url":"https://goldilocks-images.s3.eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/medium_Optimised_Food_Logistics_denys_nevozhai_7nrs_Vjv_A_Ln_A_unsplash_756a50823b.jpeg","hash":"medium_Optimised_Food_Logistics_denys_nevozhai_7nrs_Vjv_A_Ln_A_unsplash_756a50823b","mime":"image/jpeg","name":"medium_Optimised Food Logistics _ denys-nevozhai-7nrsVjvALnA-unsplash.jpeg","path":null,"size":154.42,"width":750,"height":562},"thumbnail":{"ext":".jpeg","url":"https://goldilocks-images.s3.eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/thumbnail_Optimised_Food_Logistics_denys_nevozhai_7nrs_Vjv_A_Ln_A_unsplash_756a50823b.jpeg","hash":"thumbnail_Optimised_Food_Logistics_denys_nevozhai_7nrs_Vjv_A_Ln_A_unsplash_756a50823b","mime":"image/jpeg","name":"thumbnail_Optimised Food Logistics _ denys-nevozhai-7nrsVjvALnA-unsplash.jpeg","path":null,"size":14.06,"width":208,"height":156}},"previewUrl":null}},{"id":569,"name":"šŸ  Seasonal plant based diets","description":"The industrial production and consumption of meats and animal-based products places increasing pressures on land- and water-use, and is a driving cause of global greenhouse gas emissions. Local governments can play an important role in encouraging residents to shift towards local and plant-based diets that can improve the health of the planet, as well as residents and local economies if the food is sourced regionally.\n\nFor example, local governments can help to raise the awareness of the positive ecological and health impacts of a locally sourced and plant-based diet through information campaigns in the city. Local governments can improve access to locally produced plant-based foods throughout the city by allocating space for, and supporting local markets and suppliers. To lead by example, canteens managed by the public sector, for example, in schools and municipal offices, can develop menus that offer plant-based and seasonal choices. \n","properties":{"cost":"low","emissions":"high"},"framework":135,"article":null,"parent":507,"created_at":"2021-08-31T10:33:03.400Z","updated_at":"2022-10-18T11:01:20.500Z","order":null,"icon_alt":null,"summary":null,"icon":{"id":2954,"name":"natalie-walters-l2AnTPLBzBk-unsplash.jpeg","hash":"natalie_walters_l2_An_TPL_Bz_Bk_unsplash_996efce3b3","sha256":null,"ext":".jpeg","mime":"image/jpeg","size":2197.92,"url":"https://goldilocks-images.s3.eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/natalie_walters_l2_An_TPL_Bz_Bk_unsplash_996efce3b3.jpeg","provider":"aws-s3","provider_metadata":null,"created_at":"2021-09-09T08:46:38.312Z","updated_at":"2021-09-09T08:46:38.338Z","alternativeText":"","caption":"","width":4032,"height":3021,"formats":{"large":{"ext":".jpeg","url":"https://goldilocks-images.s3.eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/large_natalie_walters_l2_An_TPL_Bz_Bk_unsplash_996efce3b3.jpeg","hash":"large_natalie_walters_l2_An_TPL_Bz_Bk_unsplash_996efce3b3","mime":"image/jpeg","name":"large_natalie-walters-l2AnTPLBzBk-unsplash.jpeg","path":null,"size":198.71,"width":1000,"height":749},"small":{"ext":".jpeg","url":"https://goldilocks-images.s3.eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/small_natalie_walters_l2_An_TPL_Bz_Bk_unsplash_996efce3b3.jpeg","hash":"small_natalie_walters_l2_An_TPL_Bz_Bk_unsplash_996efce3b3","mime":"image/jpeg","name":"small_natalie-walters-l2AnTPLBzBk-unsplash.jpeg","path":null,"size":62.71,"width":500,"height":375},"medium":{"ext":".jpeg","url":"https://goldilocks-images.s3.eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/medium_natalie_walters_l2_An_TPL_Bz_Bk_unsplash_996efce3b3.jpeg","hash":"medium_natalie_walters_l2_An_TPL_Bz_Bk_unsplash_996efce3b3","mime":"image/jpeg","name":"medium_natalie-walters-l2AnTPLBzBk-unsplash.jpeg","path":null,"size":126.02,"width":750,"height":562},"thumbnail":{"ext":".jpeg","url":"https://goldilocks-images.s3.eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/thumbnail_natalie_walters_l2_An_TPL_Bz_Bk_unsplash_996efce3b3.jpeg","hash":"thumbnail_natalie_walters_l2_An_TPL_Bz_Bk_unsplash_996efce3b3","mime":"image/jpeg","name":"thumbnail_natalie-walters-l2AnTPLBzBk-unsplash.jpeg","path":null,"size":14.68,"width":208,"height":156}},"previewUrl":null}},{"id":961,"name":"šŸ’§  Blue and green infrastructure for sustainable urban drainage","description":"Cities worldwide are facing significant water-related challenges, including urban water runoffs, flooding, reduced water quality and severe water scarcityā€”exacerbated by rapid urbanisation and more frequent extreme weather events. On top of this, urban water runoff continues to be a major cause of water pollution in urban areas, carrying trash, bacteria, and other pollutants through gutters and stormwater systems into local waterways, typically without treatment.\n\nCity governments can pursue a ā€œsponge cityā€ approach by redesigning the urban fabric and integrating blue and green infrastructure (BGI) (e.g. rain gardens, permeable pavements, storage ponds, etc.) along traditional grey infrastructure (e.g. pipe networks, storage tanks, flood walls). This can help to absorb, store, filter and purify these water flows, in turn replenishing aquifers, reducing the need for expanding grey water management and minimising flood risk, while also reducing the heat island effect. \n\nCities can do so by, for example, integrating requirements for BGI into municipal urban planning rules for newly built up areas of city districts, industrial parks and development zones, and integrating sponge city building requirements into municipal urban planning rules. Then, local governments could also strengthen collaboration between all relevant stakeholdersā€”from real estate developers to engineers, to water-utility organisationsā€”to identify locally relevant opportunities for sponge cities. \n","properties":{"cost":"high","emissions":"low"},"framework":135,"article":null,"parent":511,"created_at":"2021-12-20T10:16:57.097Z","updated_at":"2022-05-25T15:47:28.244Z","order":null,"icon_alt":"Photo from Shenzhen Urban Management Bureau 2017","summary":null,"icon":{"id":5198,"name":"imageedit_3_2731029246-750x350.jpg","hash":"imageedit_3_2731029246_750x350_81441868c4","sha256":null,"ext":".jpg","mime":"image/jpeg","size":79.79,"url":"https://goldilocks-images.s3.eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/imageedit_3_2731029246_750x350_81441868c4.jpg","provider":"aws-s3","provider_metadata":null,"created_at":"2021-12-20T10:16:50.280Z","updated_at":"2021-12-20T10:16:50.295Z","alternativeText":"","caption":"","width":750,"height":350,"formats":{"small":{"ext":".jpg","url":"https://goldilocks-images.s3.eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/small_imageedit_3_2731029246_750x350_81441868c4.jpg","hash":"small_imageedit_3_2731029246_750x350_81441868c4","mime":"image/jpeg","name":"small_imageedit_3_2731029246-750x350.jpg","path":null,"size":41.48,"width":500,"height":233},"thumbnail":{"ext":".jpg","url":"https://goldilocks-images.s3.eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/thumbnail_imageedit_3_2731029246_750x350_81441868c4.jpg","hash":"thumbnail_imageedit_3_2731029246_750x350_81441868c4","mime":"image/jpeg","name":"thumbnail_imageedit_3_2731029246-750x350.jpg","path":null,"size":11.8,"width":245,"height":114}},"previewUrl":null}},{"id":572,"name":"šŸ  Resource-efficient food production","description":"With the continued growth of urban populations, cities are commonly facing a key challenge: how can we feed our residents with sufficient healthy and sustainable food? \n\nMore resource-efficient methods and technologies for urban agriculture present opportunities to cultivate the urban landscape, for example through hydroponics and aquaponics systems. Resource-efficient systems can require less space, be more water efficient, and minimise inputs of artificial fertilisers and pesticides, and could be key to secure a sustainable and healthy future for cities.\n\nResource-efficiency in urban farming methods could mean prioritising renewable energies, for example, solar/wind energy, biogas, making efficient use of different resources, for example, reuse or recycle of heat, water, nutrients and/or spaces, applying cutting-edge emission reduction technologies, and reusing waste or by-products from urban sources, for example,  industries and households. \n\nLocal governments can leverage land use and spatial planning tools to create and maintain a resource-efficient infrastructure including concepts like aquaponics, indoor agriculture, vertical farming, rooftop production, and edible walls. 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If this waste is not disposed of correctly, then such residual materials can pollute the environment. Waste that is generated in cities can also find its way outside of the city, for example, being carried in water ways to pollute other water bodies. \n\nSystems, initiatives and infrastructure can focus on preventing these types of waste from polluting the local environment. For example, infrastructure placed in local waterways can protect natural systems by diverting plastic pollution. Furthermore, other initiatives could clean up (plastic) waste directly to restore natural systems in a safe and effective way. \n\nLocal governments can support the implementation of solutions by establishing partnerships with and promoting existing initiatives, as well as developing and financing the infrastructures that could reduce the pollution in the local environment.  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At the same time, many mobility assets, such as private cars can remain parked for up to 92% of the day ([Ellen MacArthur Foundation](https://ellenmacarthurfoundation.org/circular-economy-opportunity-and-benefit-factsheets)). \n\nA combination of shared mobility options (such as public transport, bike and car sharing) and low-carbon mobility systems (such as walking and cycling) can significantly reduce the energy demand and associated emissions of moving people and goods in cities. If implemented effectively, these solutions can reduce the overall demand for vehicles by alleviating the need for personal car ownership, and consequently also reducing the extraction of virgin materials required for the production and fuelling of private vehicles.\n\nLocal governments can make low-carbon and shared mobility options a viable and preferred alternative to private vehicle use. They can improve the availability and accessibility of electric charging infrastructure for private electric vehicles. Moreover, cities can play a role in the connection and integration of different forms of shared mobility (such as bike sharing, public transport, and car sharing) through a city-wide or national online platform. Then, to discourage private car use, parking bays can be replaced with pocket parks, parking costs can be increased (in certain parts of the city), cycling lanes can be expanded, and car free zones or congestion charges introduced.\n","properties":{"cost":"medium","emissions":"high"},"framework":135,"article":null,"parent":513,"created_at":"2021-12-05T13:36:06.875Z","updated_at":"2022-05-19T12:27:23.979Z","order":null,"icon_alt":"Photo by Pop & Zebra on Unsplash","summary":null,"icon":{"id":4546,"name":"pop-zebra-kJZSIXoXrUE-unsplash.jpg","hash":"pop_zebra_k_JZSI_Xo_Xr_UE_unsplash_dd26c93424","sha256":null,"ext":".jpg","mime":"image/jpeg","size":833.58,"url":"https://goldilocks-images.s3.eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/pop_zebra_k_JZSI_Xo_Xr_UE_unsplash_dd26c93424.jpg","provider":"aws-s3","provider_metadata":null,"created_at":"2021-12-05T13:36:52.516Z","updated_at":"2021-12-05T13:36:52.584Z","alternativeText":"","caption":"","width":2470,"height":3400,"formats":{"large":{"ext":".jpg","url":"https://goldilocks-images.s3.eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/large_pop_zebra_k_JZSI_Xo_Xr_UE_unsplash_dd26c93424.jpg","hash":"large_pop_zebra_k_JZSI_Xo_Xr_UE_unsplash_dd26c93424","mime":"image/jpeg","name":"large_pop-zebra-kJZSIXoXrUE-unsplash.jpg","path":null,"size":144.01,"width":726,"height":1000},"small":{"ext":".jpg","url":"https://goldilocks-images.s3.eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/small_pop_zebra_k_JZSI_Xo_Xr_UE_unsplash_dd26c93424.jpg","hash":"small_pop_zebra_k_JZSI_Xo_Xr_UE_unsplash_dd26c93424","mime":"image/jpeg","name":"small_pop-zebra-kJZSIXoXrUE-unsplash.jpg","path":null,"size":53.39,"width":363,"height":500},"medium":{"ext":".jpg","url":"https://goldilocks-images.s3.eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/medium_pop_zebra_k_JZSI_Xo_Xr_UE_unsplash_dd26c93424.jpg","hash":"medium_pop_zebra_k_JZSI_Xo_Xr_UE_unsplash_dd26c93424","mime":"image/jpeg","name":"medium_pop-zebra-kJZSIXoXrUE-unsplash.jpg","path":null,"size":94.74,"width":545,"height":750},"thumbnail":{"ext":".jpg","url":"https://goldilocks-images.s3.eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/thumbnail_pop_zebra_k_JZSI_Xo_Xr_UE_unsplash_dd26c93424.jpg","hash":"thumbnail_pop_zebra_k_JZSI_Xo_Xr_UE_unsplash_dd26c93424","mime":"image/jpeg","name":"thumbnail_pop-zebra-kJZSIXoXrUE-unsplash.jpg","path":null,"size":8.77,"width":113,"height":156}},"previewUrl":null}},{"id":532,"name":"šŸ  Community composting","description":"Managing municipal food wastes at scale may require complex and costly infrastructures to collect, transport and process these residual materials. Large-scale composting facilities are challenging to place and zone appropriately in space-scarce cities.\n\nCommunity-based initiatives, for example, community composting, can provide a localised solution to managing urban food wastes. Community composting initiatives are small(er)-scale solutions that are distributed throughout the city, located close to the sources of food waste, reducing the need for complex logistics and collection systems. Community composting schemes can take a variety of forms, for example, in-vessel composting (IVC), as well as vermicomposting (which utilises insects to break down organic materials). Community composting initiatives can generate valuable by-products for use in (urban) agriculture, in gardens and in parks, as well as support community building. \n\nLocal governments can support the development and implementation of community composting schemes through the provision of equipment and infrastructure, for example,  composting boxes. 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However, the quality of water required for each of these needs differs significantly. For example, potable or drinking water must be of a higher quality than the water used to flush a toilet or irrigate a garden (so called ā€œgreywaterā€).  It is possible to significantly reduce our overall water consumption by using and reusing non-potable water sources for lower quality purposesā€”a strategy particularly relevant for drought-stressed cities.\n\nGreywater reuse systems can be applied at household level to collect water from showers and baths, filter and treat it, and then recirculate it to flush toilets or irrigate gardens. Alternatively, a sports centre can collect greywater from showers and hand basins and process it to be used to irrigate an adjacent sports field or community garden.\n\nCities can encourage the uptake of greywater reuse systems through awareness campaigns, regulations and financial incentives. Awareness campaigns can show the potential environmental and financial benefits of installing greywater systems. Regulations can be in the form of building codes and requirements in which the installation of a grey water reuse system is compulsory, unless practically infeasible. Financial incentives are usually in the form of rebates for installing such a system. Municipal governments can also lead by example and procure such greywater reuse systems in municipal or city-run buildings, such as municipal offices or schools. 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